6o6 



VOICE AND SPEECH. 



puts an end to the formation of vocal sounds ; and when 

 Fig. 1 6 1.* these nerves are divided 



on both sides, the' loss 

 of voice is complete. 

 Moreover, by forcing a 

 current of air through 

 the larynx in the dead 

 subject, clear vocal 

 sounds are produced, 

 though the epiglottis, 

 the upper ligaments of 

 the larynx or false vocal 

 cords, the ventricles be- 

 tween them, and the in- 

 ferior ligaments or true 

 vocal cords, and the up- 

 per part of the aryte- 

 noid cartilages, be all 

 removed ; provided the 

 true vocal cords remain 

 entire, with their points 

 of attachment, and be 

 kept tense and so ap- 

 proximated that the fis- 

 sure of the glottis may 

 be narrow. 



The vocal ligaments 

 or cord, therefore, may 

 be regarded as the pro- 

 per organs of the mere 



voice : the modifications of the voice are effected by other 



* Fig. 161. Outline showing the general form of the larynx, trachea, 

 and bronchi, as seen from before. 5. h, the great cornu of the hyoid 

 bone ; e, epiglottis ; t, superior, and t', inferior cornu of the thyroid 

 cartilage ; c, middle of the cricoid cartilage ; tr, the trachea, showing 

 sixteen cartilaginous rings ; b, the right, and b', the left bronchus. 



