60 CHECK LIST OF NOETH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



298. Pyrrhnloxia sinuata Bp. B 389. c 202. R 243. 



Texas Cardinal Grosbeak. 



299. Cardinalis virginiana Bp. B 390. c 203. n 242. 



Cardinal Grosbeak; Virginia Redbird. 



300. Cardinalis virginiana ignea (Bd.) Coues. B . c 203a. R 242a. 



Fiery-red Cardinal Grosbeak. 



301. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (L.) V. B 391. c 204. R 237. 



Towhee Bunting; Chewink. 



302. Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni Coues. B . c 204a. R 237a. 



White-eyed Towhee Bunting. 



303. Pipilo maculatus oregonus (Bell) Coues. B 392. c 205. R 2G8&. 



Oregon Towhee Bunting. 



304. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Sw.) Coues. B 393. c 205a. R 238. 



Arctic Towhee Bunting. 



305. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx (Bd.) Coues. B 394. c 2056. R 238a. 



Spurred Towhee Bunting. 



298. Pyr-rhu-lox'-I-a sln-ii-a'-ta. A forcible combination of Pyrrhula and Loxia : see these 



words, Nos. 190 and 199 ; or may be said to be more properly compounded of pyrrhus, 

 irvfyos, fiery-red, and Ao|/as; in which event, it should be written pyrrholoxia. Lat sinua- 

 tus, bent, bowed, curved, as the bill of the bird is ; from sinuo, the verb ; sinus, the noun, 

 a curve, bending, bay. 



299. Car-dln-a'-Hs vir-gln-I-a'-na. Lat. cardinalis, pertaining to a door-hinge ; cardo, genitive 



cardinis, a door-hinge ; hence, that upon which something turns or depends ; as, cardinal 

 points of the compass ; hence, any important thing or person ; applied with obvious sig- 

 nification to the chief officials of the Pope. These ecclesiastical dignitaries wear red ; 

 hence the phrase " cardinal-red." The term is applied to the bird as descriptive of its 

 rich red color. As a Latin word, cardinalis is only an adjective ; used substantively, its 

 gender is either masculine or feminine. We take the latter, because most words ending in 

 is- are feminine. Lat. virginiana, of Virginia, euphemistically named for Elizabeth, 

 daughter of Henry VIII. 



300. C. v. Ig'-ne-a. Lat. igneus, fiery, flaming ; said of color as well as of other properties ; 



ignis, fire. 



30 1 . PI r -pfl-5 g-ryth-roph-thal'-mfis. Vieillot, in forming the word, wrote both pipilo and 



pipillo. It is a Latin verb, meaning, like pipio, I pip, peep, chirp. Notice the accentua- 

 tion and quantity of the vowels. Gr. tyvepos, red or reddish; e>ev0, I redden ; o<0aA- 

 p.6s, the eye, from &rro/iai, a verb obsolete in the present, or opdca, I see ; we find both 

 words in " ophthalmic," " optic." The species is red-eyed. The curious English words 

 " towhee " and " chewink " are onomatopoeic : that is, coined to imitate the sound of 

 the bird's voice. 



302. P. e. al'-lSn-I. To Joel Asaph Allen, of Cambridge, Mass., one of the leading naturalists 



of the United States. 



303. P. ma-cfil-a'-tus 6r-6-go f -nus. Lat. maculatus, spotted ; macula, a spot. To the Oregon 



River. Quantity of the penult in question, perhaps better ore'gOnus. 

 The stock species, P. maculatus, is not North American. 



304. P. m. arc'-tl-ca. See Sialia, No. 29. 



305. P. m. mg-gal'-6-n~x. Gr. neydkij (feminine of fjteyas), large, great, and ovv, Lat. onyx, a 



nail, claw, talon. The word is commonly accented on a long penult; a practice perhaps 

 defensible on the ground that megalti-onyx = megalonyx. 



