AMERICAN POULTRY CULTURE 



ments, but they may be made with one compartment 

 or several, just as the owner prefers. Of course, 

 the larger the hopper the less frequently it will 

 have to be filled. For small chicks they may hold 

 only a few quarts, but for adult fowls it is more 

 economical to have them hold a bushel or one hun- 

 dred pounds of feed, and then they will not need 

 to be filled so frequently. In the latter event they 

 should be made three or four feet high, and then 

 they will not occupy so much floor space. 



The hoppers are replenished with feed from 

 openings in their tops, or the entire top may be 

 hinged if convenient. The base board at the bot- 

 tom of hopper should be high enough to prevent 

 waste of feed, but also low enough that the birds 

 may eat conveniently. It may vary in height from 

 two to four or five inches, according to the size of 

 the birds. The trough at the bottom and front of 

 hopper, and out of which the birds pick the food, 

 should not be deep enough (that is, extend back 

 far enough) to allow the fowls to get their feet 

 in it and scratch the food out, or to allow small 

 chicks to crawl entirely into the receptacle, but 

 should allow plenty of room for the bird's head. 



Pans and troughs are unsatisfactory and away 

 behind the times as drinking vessels for poultry. 

 Drinking The regular drinking fountains are 

 Vessels better in every way; they reduce the 



labor of the attendant because they do not require 



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