ECONOMICAL MODES OF HEATING. 159 



bulk, thus rendering the work to be accomplished by 

 the smuggler more easy. 



The amount of goods, of the most light and costly 

 fabrics, which are smuggled into France by dogs, from 

 the boundaries on the side of Germany and Italy, is es- 

 timated at many millions annually. These dogs are 

 strong and powerful, and trained in bands for the pur- 

 pose. Their loads being adjusted near the frontiers, 

 they start by night in strong droves, and always depart 

 hungry : having passed the frontiers by routes best 

 known to themselves, they arrive at the houses especially 

 prepared for their reception on the side of France, which 

 await to receive them ; their journey being ended, they 

 are rewarded for their labors by receiving their wonted 

 and bountiful supplies of food. 



SECTION XLV1I. 

 ECONOMICAL MODES OF HEATING. 



ONE of the most economical modes of applying heat, 

 either for warming hot houses or any other apartments, 

 consists in the immediate application of steam to large 

 masses of small, round, loose stones, such stones as 

 serve no other purpose than to encumber our fields 

 and highways. The mass thus heated will retain its 

 warmth for a long time, giving it out slowly. Every 

 person knows that even a single brick, if properly 

 warmed, will retain its heat for a long time. This 

 mode appears to have been first adopted at Edinburgh, 

 in Scotland, in 1807, and is described in the Memoirs 

 of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, and also in the 

 Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 

 and also in Loudon's Mag., vol. x. p. 226. The first 

 uses to which this new system was applied was for the 



