34: THE AMERICAN VINE-DRESSER'S GUIDE. 



when the grapes are about to ripen and being 

 to change their color. 



The first ploughing in the third year must 

 be deeper, and the plant be uncovered nine 

 inches down, in order to cut off all the shoots 

 underground, and the uncovered roots. Give 

 three other ploughings in the same months as 

 the second year. Each succeeding year you 

 do likewise, always remembering that the 

 older your vine grows, the greater care is to 

 be taken in ridding it of superfluous roots. 



Observe that very dry soils must not be 

 ploughed deeply ; the earth should barely be 

 scratched in order to destroy the weeds, with- 

 out allowing it to lose its freshness. 



REMOVING THE USELESS BRANCHES AND BUDS. 



FOE the first, and even the second,, year 

 let the vine grow as it will, unless it has been 



