Of FRUIT TREES, 45 



and upon tine transverse section through the bark ; 

 the other, the only office of which is to secure the 

 bud, is applied in the usual way ; as soon as the buds 

 have attached themselves, the lower ligatures are tak- 

 en off, but the others are suffered to remain. The 

 passage of the sap upwards, is, in consequence, much 

 obstructed, and the inserted buds begin to vegetate 

 strongly in July; when these afford shoots about four 

 inches long, the upper ligatures are taken off to per- 

 mit the excess of sap to pass on ; the wood ripens 

 well, and affords blossoms, sometimes, for the succeed- 

 ing spring. It will be perceived, that instead of the 

 usual mode of budding, after the commencement of 

 the autumnal flow of sap, and keeping the bud with- 

 out shooting until the following spring, when the top 

 of the stock is cutoff; this improved mode gains a 

 season in point of maturity, if not of growth, and has 

 the effect of grafting the preceding spring, in all cases 

 where the bud sprouts in proper time to forma strong 

 shoot, capable of sustaining, without injury, the frost 

 of the ensuing winter. A different method of mak- 

 ing the incision into the stock is preferred by some. 

 Instead of making a perpendicular cut downwards from 

 the transverse incision, it may be reversed, rising up- 

 wards so that the incision to receive the bud, resem- 

 ble the capital reversed, thus, j, ; and the bud pushed 

 upward to the position desired. By this method the 

 bud being placed.above the transverse cut, receives a 

 greater abundance of the sap descending in the bark, 

 than if placed below it. The fact is now decided by 

 ample experience, that apple and pear trees, and prob- 

 ably stone fruit also, may be successfully grafted or 

 budded at any time after the sap rises, about the tenth 

 of April to the middle of September; and that the 

 operation, in case of failure, may be several times re- 

 peated on the same stock during the season. For ear- 

 ly budding, take the buds from cuttings, or scions from 



