10 



I do not say that all waggons require so great a power of draught as that at Lexham, because I have 

 tried some that require no more than 1 cwt. of power, but I may add, that many require moie. My 

 own waggon, without any load, requires a power of 3 cwt. 5 stones to draw it, and the weight of the 

 shafts is 6 stones. 



The weight of the above cart was 14 cwt. J 8 lbs. the weight of the waggon at Lexham, I presume, 

 is 24 cwt. 



Such carts as the above are most commonly driven with two horses at Workington ; but let us attend 

 to other facts, which relate to one-horse carts only. 



I made the following experiments upon a Cumberland one-horse cart. 



Its weight was 7 cwt. 7 stones, and the weight of its shafts 2 stones. The power of draught 2 stones. 



Loaded with 20 stones its power of draught was on the first trial, 3 stones, on the second 3 stones, 

 and on the third, 3i stones. 



Loaded with 40 stones its power of draught was on the first trial, 4^ stones, on the second 4^ stones, 

 and on the third, 4 J stones. 



Loaded with 60 stones its power of draught was on the first trial, 5\, stones, on the second 5l stones, 

 and on the third 5 j stones. 



The draught became more steady as the weight was increased. The third trial was made upon the 

 same ground back again. 



Compare with the above a trial upon a waggon at Gressenhall, one of the lightest of draught for its 

 size I have ever seen. 

 . Its weight was 22 cwt. the weight of the shafts 5 stones, the power of draught 1 cwt. 1 stone. 



Loaded with 20 stones its power of draught was 1 cwt, 2f stones. 



Loaded with 40 stones its power of draught was 1 cwt. 4 stones. 



Powers very different from those of the cart carrying the same weights. 

 r. Now upon such carts as the above the common load of coals is 5 Carlisle bushels, that is, 15 Win- 

 chesters ; whence four carts with four horses, t. e. one horse in each cart, will carry 60 bushels to any 

 distance ; but upon such a waggon as the above, not more than I5 chaldron, that is, 54 bushels of coals 

 are carried, 6 bushels less than upon the carts, and evidently with more labour to the horses, for in the 

 carts, each horse has only 2 stones of unprofitable draught, whilst in the waggon each horse has more 

 than 2 stones. 



It is not uncommon in Norfolk to see a waggon with three horses carrying only 1 chaldron of coals, 

 T. e. 36 bushels, but three horses, in three Cumberland carts, carry 45 bushels, and with only orte driver. 



Such carts as the above carry 10 Carlisle bushels of wheat to any distance, i.e. 30 Winchesters ; 

 hence three such carts, with one driver, carry 90 bushels. Now a Norfolk waggon, with four horses, 

 carries generally no more than 20 coombs of wheat, i. e. 80 bushels. Three horses then do more 

 work in the Cumberland carts in carrying wheat, tlian four horses do in tlie Norfolk waggon. 



Of oats the above carts carry 1 2 Carlisle bushels, i, e. 36 Winchesters; hence four of them carry 

 144 bushels. But a Norfolk waggon, with four horses, seldom carries more than 30 coombs, t. e. 120 

 bushels. 



And the same disparity exists in all instances of carriage. 



There is therefore a manifest excess or loss of labour in horses in the use of our large waggons instead 

 of one-horse carts employed in the carriage of heavy burdens, where slow work is required. Three 

 carts with three horses, we have seen above in the carriage of wheat to market, will do more work than 

 four horses in one of our waggons, and with only one driver ; and as to the first cost, the three cart« 

 may be bought for 36 guineas, and who can build a Norfolk waggon for so little money ? 



