XVI 



INTRODUCTORY LESSONS. 



there is usually a bud, or branch, or a flower at the base of a leaf be- 

 tween it and the stem from which it grows. 



Buds and flowers at the ends of stems or branches, are Terminal ; 

 when between the stems and leaves, Axillary. 



Examine the leaf of 'a Violet or Pansy. You can readily distin- 

 guish three parts: A broad Blade ; a stem or Petiole, and a pair of appen- 

 dages at the base of the petiole called Stipules. The latter in the Pansy 

 are leaf-like. Sometimes they are mere scales, and frequently there are 

 none at all. The petiole may be wanting, also; the leaf is then said to 

 be Sessile. Leaves with but one blade are 



Simple Leaves. The illustrations (Figures 18 to 32) show the 

 principal forms of simple leaves or leaflets of compound leaves. Care- 

 fully compare the blades of your leaves with these shapes. If the leaf 

 in hand does not correspond with any of the figures, you may describe it 

 by combining the descriptive words, or by adding a word. A leaf, for 

 example, too broad to be lanceolate, and narrower than ovate, if about 

 half way between the two forms, is Ovate-lanceolate or Lance-ovate; the 

 first, if nearer ovate; the latter, if nearer lanceolate. Or, if merely a lit- 

 tle broader than lanceolate, we may say it is Broadly- lanceolate ; when more 

 slender, Narrowly-lanceolate ; if slender and nearly as broad in the middle 

 as nearer the base, it is Linear-lanceolate, etc. So, too, there are interme- 



18 19 



FORMS OF LEAVFS. 18. Linear. 19. Oblong. 20. Elliptical. 21. Orbicular. 22. Peltate 

 (Shield-shaped). 28- Hastate (Spear-shaped). 24- Sagittate (Arrow-shaped). 



diate forms described by such terms as: Oblong-lanceolate ; Narrowly-ellip- 

 tical; Broadly-elliptical which approaches orbicular; Broadhj-cordate 



