PROPAGATION OF FRUIT PLANTS. 163 



around the bud, taking care not to cover the tip of the bud 

 more than a very little. This covering is a protection against 

 ice forming behind the bud and from sudden freezing and thaw- 

 ing in winter. However, with our hardy trees this precaution 

 is unnecessary. 



June Budding. Many nurserymen offer what they call 

 June-budded trees at low prices. These are often small trees 

 that can be easily sent by mail and are made by an operation 

 similar to common budding as described herewith except that 

 the work is done in June and the inserted buds are forced 

 into growth as soon as they adhere to the stock, by cutting off 

 the latter. At the North they make only a small growth the 

 season they are budded. The buds for this purpose may be 

 hastened into maturing by pinching off the ends of the shoots 

 to be used for bud-sticks. For ordinary purposes, nothing is 

 gained by budding in June in the Northern states, for a plant 

 budded there in August will make as large, if not a larger, 

 growth and as straight a tree by the end of the following year 

 than a June-budded tree of the same age will make in its two 

 years of growth. However, at the South, where the growing 

 season is longer, June budding is the favorite way of growing 

 peaches and plums which there make a strong enough growth 

 the first season. If they were treated in the common way as 

 used at the North the trees would be too large for best results 

 in transplanting. 



The wood is sometimes removed from the bud after it is 

 cut off. This practice is common in Europe, but in general 

 practice in this country it is left on. However, care should 

 be taken not to cut the bud very thick, or the large amount 

 of wood in it will prevent its binding into place smoothly and 

 evenly. When the wood is to be removed from the bud, the 

 latter is cut off in a little different way from the method de- 

 scribed. This method is illustrated at a figure 80. Two cuts are 

 made and then by a dexterous twist, the bud and bark removed. 

 It is then inserted as previously described. 



Other forms of budding are used occasionally but in all 

 of them the general principles are the same as those practiced in 

 shield budding. Figure 81 shows a form of budding where- 



