APPLE. 



183 



enough for apples without manuring; indeed, heavy, black prairie 

 loam is generally so rich in plant food that it stimulates in most 

 varieties of apples a late growth, especially when the autumn 

 is warm and moist, and only the hardiest kinds, such as those 

 that do not maKe a late growth in autumn, should be planted in 

 such locations. 



Fig. 88. Various kinds of roots on apple trees, a. Cut too short, 

 b. Stock has died and roots have been sent out from the cion. 

 c. Similar to b, but with more fibrous roots, d. A good form 

 well dug, in which the stock is still preserved. 



If the sub-soil is a very hard clay that the roots can scarcely 

 penetrate, very deep plowing should be resorted to; but as this is 

 not deep enough to give the roots much of a chance in very hard, 

 dry clays, the holes should be dug very deep. A better way than 

 digging holes into such hardpan is to explode a medium charge of 



