PEAR. 



193 



If dwarf pears are planted deep, they throw out roots above 

 the graft and then become Standards, but quince stock must be 

 below ground for protection. An observant person can easily dis- 

 tinguish the dwarf pear trees that have roots from the cion 

 by their greater vigor and, if desired, these pear roots may be 

 cut off and the strong growth checked. 



Dwarf pears have the merit of fruiting very young and 

 heavily, often when only three years from the bud. They are 

 especially fitted for the small garden and of little importance 



Fig. 92. Some of the peculiar ways in which pear trees are com- 

 monly pruned in French gardens. 



otherwise. Dwarf pears need to have their new wood shortened 

 each year if they are to be kept in compact form, otherwise 

 they get too rangy. About twelve feet is the proper distance 

 between them. The Duchess pear is the most popular sort for 

 growing on quince roots. 



