274 POPULAR FRUIT GROWING. 



sects affecting raspberries see special chapters on these sub- 

 jects. 



The Blackberries. 



The cultivated blackberries may be grouped under five heads 

 as follows: 



(a) The high bush of the clearings and fence rows of the 

 Northern states, with long clusters as those of the Ancient 

 Briton. 



(b) The type with lower growth and short clusters such 

 as those of the Snyder and Badger. Both of these groups are 

 probably forms of the Rubus villosus. 



(c) The trailing dewberries such as the Lucretia and the 

 Austin, known botanically as Rubus canadensis. 



(d) The forms that are intermediate between these species 

 are probably hybrids between the two species above mentioned. 

 Among these are varieties such as the Wilson and the Rath- 

 burn. 



(e) The cut-leaved or evergreen blackberry (Rubus lacinia- 

 tus) is probably a form of the European blackberry (Rubus 

 fruticosus). This kind is cultivated on the Pacific Coast where 

 it remains green all winter and is very prolific and highly es- 

 teemed. 



Propagation: 



(a) The high bush blackberry is propagated by suckers 

 and root cuttings in the same way as the suckering raspberries. 



(b) The dewberry is propagated by layering the growing 

 canes, which root readily about midsummer. Varieties of this 

 group are not generally cultivated with success, but in some 

 locations they fruit abundantly. 



Soils: 



(a) The best soil for the high bush blackberry is a heavy 

 clay loam, but it grows on a wide range of soils. 



(b) The dewberry does best in a warm, sandy or gravelly 

 soil, but is not nearly as reliable as the blackberry. 



Planting, Cultivation and Pruning: 



(a) Plant and cultivate the same as the suckering rasp- 

 berry. 



(b) It is considered important by many growers to pinch 



