APPENDIX. 307 



General Treatment For All Kinds of Plants. 

 What to Spray For. What to Spray With and When. 



All leaf-eating insects. Paris Green or other arsenical poisons 

 such as slugs, caterpillars, when insects first appear, 

 beetles, etc. 



Sucking insects, such as Tobacco dust or tobacco infusion with 

 plant lice and true bugs. whale-oil soap or kerosene emulsion. 



Small plants or ends of twigs are best 

 treated by dipping. 



Scale Insects, such as Spray with the lime-sulfur wash in 

 oyster shell scale, scurfy spring before the buds open, 

 bark louse and San Jose 

 scale. 



FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES. 



Sprays are preventive and not curative and therefore must be ap- 

 plied before the injury becomes apparent. After a fungus has gained 

 entrance to the fruit or foliage it cannot be reached, but the infection 

 may be prevented by coating the parts with a fungicide such as Bor- 

 deaux Mixture, which prevents the germination of the spores of the 

 fungus. 



Fungicides. 

 Bordeaux Mixture: 



Copper sulfate (blue vitriol) 5 pounds. 



Quicklime (not slaked), not less than 3 J / pounds or more than 



6 pounds. 



Water, 50 gallons. 



Dissolve the copper sulfate and dilute to from 25 to 35 gallons. 

 Slake the lime and add enough water to it to complete the required 60 

 gallons; then pour the two solutions together. Lastly, add any arseni- 

 cal poisons which are to be combined with the Bordeaux mixture. 

 This is a general fungicide for all fruit plants. 



Testing Bordeaux Mixture. To determine if the Bordeaux mixture 

 is safe to use on tender foliage, one of three simple tests may be used: 



(a) Insert the tip of a knife for at least one minute, when if me- 

 tallic copper forms on it, i. e., the tip is the color of copper, more 

 lime should be added. If on the other hand the steel remains un- 

 changed it is safe to conclude the mixture is all right. 



(b) Pour some of the mixture into a shallow dish; then blow into 

 it for at least one-half minute, when, if properly made, a thin scum- 

 like oil will form on the surface. 



(c) Pour a few drops of a solution of ferrocyanide of potassium 

 into the Bordeaux mixture. If there is not enough lime present, a 

 dark reddish-brown substance will form. Ferrocyanide of potassium is 

 known as yellow prussiate of potash. It is a very deadly poison. To 

 prepare it for use add about ten times its bulk of water. 



Bordeaux mixture should always be well stirred before it is tested. 

 Bordeaux Dont's. Don't use iron or tin vessels for mixing; don't 

 use air-slaked lime; don't pour in the coarser particles of lime; don't 

 make more than can be used in one day it should be mixed fresh 

 every day. 

 Eau Celeste and Soap: 



Copper sulfate, 1 pound. 

 Ammonia, strong (26 Baume), 3 pints. 

 Soap, 1 pound. 

 Water, 50 gallons. 



Dissolve the soap in 10 gallons of water. In a separate vessel, 

 not iron or tin, dissolve the copper sulfate in 40 gallons of water 



