Strongylus contortus is readily killed by contact with common salt ; and this 

 agent is an effective remedy for the cure and prevention of the disease. 



Sheep which are infested with strongles in the bronchial tubes not uncom- 

 monly harbour strongles in the fourth stomach, and the two forms of parasites 

 acting in concert naturally lead to increased mortality in the flock. This 

 double invasion of parasites is, however, frequently overlooked, because the 

 prominent symptom of disease a dry, husky cough directs attention to the 

 breathing organs, and a post mortem proving that the lung tubes are filled with 

 thread worms, the inquiry is considered to be at an end, the nature of the 

 disease is determined, and the dissection is not extended to other organs. 

 Post mortem examination of animals which are found dead on a farm are 

 generally very roughly made, and often valuable evidence is missed, simply 

 because it is not sought for. It must be allowed that they do these things 

 better in France, and it is impossible to read the records of cases in the 

 veterinary journals from the Continent without keenly realising the fact. 



Strongylus filicollis, a smaller nematode than the Strongylus contortus, is 

 sometimes found in the small intestines of the sheep, and is said to have been 

 found also in the fourth stomach in company with the Strongylus contortus. 



A small nematode worm, the Sclerostoma hypostomum, is seen but rarely in 

 the small intestines of sheep. The worm is said to be common among sheep 

 in some parts of France. It is quite likely that the nematode is more often 

 present in our sheep than it is supposed to be ; but as it does not cause any 

 injury to its host, it is not looked for, and the occasional detection of the worm 

 is purely an accident during a post mortem examination. 



A curious form of nematode the Tricocephalus affinis, or hair-headed worm 

 is frequently found in the caecum hanging from the mucous membrane. The 

 worm is distinguished by a body which is much thicker than the neck or upper 

 portion ; this part is of a considerable length, and throughout of hair-like 

 fineness. The parasite is the most common of all the nematodes, and its 

 presence seems to be unattended with any inconvenience. 



UNCINARIA OR DOCHIMUS CERVINA. This worm is a small nematode, 

 with a circular mouth, opening into a species of bursa or sack, which is armed 

 with four teeth, two on each side ; the head is curved slightly. No particular 

 disturbance can be traced to the presence of the worm in the intestinal canal of 

 the sheep. 



NEMATODES OF SWINE. Owing, perhaps, to the entire absence of delicacy 

 and discrimination in the selection of their food, swine are infested with 

 numerous intestinal parasites, most of which are nematodes. 



ACANTHOCKPHALA. The thorn-headed worm (Echinoryncus gigas) is found 

 in the stomach. The parasite, which is sometimes twelve or fourteen inches 

 long, and as thick as a swan quill, inhabits the duodenum especially, although 

 it is found in other parts of the canal, sometimes in the large intestines. It 

 attaches itself to the mucous membrane by the aid of its armed head, making 

 numerous punctures, which are indicated by small swellings. When several 

 worms exist in the intestines, the effects on the pig's constitution are very 

 marked. The animal becomes emaciated, and in the morning, before feeding 

 time, it exhibits signs of pain, groaning and restlessness being the chief 

 symptoms. Probably the affected pig will feed with the others, but shows 

 irritability by biting them if they molest it ; and, if attacked in return, it 

 quickly falls exhausted. As to the degree of prevalence of the echinoryncus in 

 swine in this country it is difficult in the absence of direct evidence to form any 



