THE GENEALOGY OF SHIPS. 307 



teleological relations to surrounding circumstances, and 

 show a regular developmental series. That is admitted, 

 but the point which I wish to enforce as so happily illus- 

 trating and demonstrating Darwinism is that they sustain, 

 also, a genetic relation to each other. Obvious as this is, 

 many good people seem to doubt it. I shall therefore 

 extend the argument. 



How came the simple sail-boat into existence? Evi- 

 dently the wind made it. Had there been no wind, there 

 would have been no sails; therefore the wind is the cause 

 of sails. But the simple sail-boat or Mackinac boat, 

 this is an obvious modification of the skiff. Here is only 

 a marked divergence, an incorporation of a new idea in 

 water-locomotion, generated by an external condition of 

 a marked character. But the divergence once established 

 is likely to continue toward perfection. The little sail- 

 boat grows into a sloop, with increased bulk, speed, com- 

 plexity, efficiency and accommodations. The one-masted 

 sloop develops into the two-masted schooner, and this into 

 the three-masted brig, with ever-increasing differentiations 

 and complexities. The reader will at once perceive the 

 analogy between these masts and the toes of horses. The 

 domestic horse is a sloop; the Hipparion is a brig. It 

 disproves nothing that in naval craft the numei'ical 

 progress is the reverse of what we see in equine craft. 

 This corresponds with the different conditions presented 

 by land and water for locomotive purposes. On the land, 

 decrease in the number of organs; on the water, increase 

 in the number of organs, is the condition of greatest 

 efficiency; and we see in both cases how beautifully the 

 result is correlated to the condition. Now, from the 

 floating log up to the three-masted brig, we notice a 



