20 USES OF COMMERCIAL WOODS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



output of veneer do not distinguish between different species of 

 the southern yellow pines, and it is not possible to determine how 

 much of the total belongs to shortleaf. The cut in 1908 in the United 

 States classed as yellow pine was 42 million feet log scale. Eed gum 

 alone exceeded this amount. The veneer is manufactured into 

 numerous commodities, among them berry baskets, fruit baskets, and 

 vegetable barrels, boxes, and crates. 



Slack coopers draw upon shortleaf for a large part of their ma- 

 terial, but again statistics do not show the actual quantity supplied 

 by this species. 



The manufacturers of machinery, implements, tools, and apparatus 

 make much use of shortleaf pine. It is specially valuable as wagon 

 bottoms and cart beds, and for hoppers, drawers, boxes, chutes, and 

 compartments in fanning mills, corn shellers, grain drills, thrashing 

 machines, reapers, straw cutters, mowing machines, and in numerous 

 other labor-saving machines and devices. 



During 200 years it has held its place as material for ship and 

 boat building, not only along the coast within a hundred miles or so 

 of the supply, but in practically all ports of the country east of the 

 Rocky Mountains where boat building is carried on as a business. 

 It is fit wood for all parts of vessels from the frame to the mast, 

 from rudder to prow. It is worked into decking, finish, cabins, lin- 

 ing, sides, railing, ladders, stairs, ceiling, seats, and nearly every- 

 thing else of wood that is required in modern boat building. 



LOBLOLLY PINE (Pinus tzeda). 

 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. 



Weight of dry wood. 33.9 pounds per cubic foot (Sargent). 



Specific gravity. 0.54. 



Ash. 0.26 per cent of weight of dry wood (Sargent). 



Fuel value. 73 per cent that of white oak (Sargent). 



Breaking strength (modulus of rupture). 12,300 pounds per square inch, or 

 77 per cent that of longleaf pine (Sargent). 



Factor of stiffness (modulus of elasticity). 1,628,000 pounds per square inch, 

 or 77 per cent that of longleaf pine (Sargent). 



Character and qualities. Medium heavy, strong, and tough; grain coarse, 

 even; annual rings variable, but mostly very wide; summerwood broad, resin 

 more abundant than in shortleaf, less than in longleaf ; resin passages numerous, 

 not prominent; medullary rays numerous, obscure; heartwood orange yellow 

 to light brown, the very thick sapwood light yellow or often nearly white ; not 

 durable, but takes preservative treatment readily; wood of the rosemary pine 

 close grained, less resinous, lighter, with much thinner sap.. 



Growth. Height, 70 to 120 feet ; diameter, 2 to 4 feet 



SUPPLY. 



Loblolly pine occurs commercially in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, 

 Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Okla- 



