'^;'<; Vttefcs'qa COJMMEKCIAL WOODS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



4 to 6 inches. The sapwood of the Cuban pine resembles that of 

 loblolly more than longleaf. In resin contents, longleaf is very 

 abundant, loblolly less so, and shortleaf still less. In this particular 

 Cuban pine ranks close to longleaf. The weight of the wood of 

 the four species varies through rather wide limits, and it would per- 

 haps not be practicable to distinguish them by that test alone. 



LONGLEAF PINE (Pinus palustris). 

 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. 



Weight of dry wood. 43.6 pounds per cubic foot (Sargent). 



Specific gravity. 0.70 (Sargent). 



Ash. 0.25 per cent dry weight of wood (Sargent). 



Fuel value. 94 per cent that of white oak (Sargent). 



Breaking strength (modulus of rupture). 16,100 pounds per square inch 

 (Sargent). 



Factor of stiffness (modulus of elasticity). 2,118,000 pounds per square inch 

 (Sargent). 



Character and qualities. Heavy, hard, very strong; tough; grain fine, even, 

 straight ; compact, annual rings narrow, especially in young and old growth, 

 summerwood broad, occupying fully half the width of the annual growth, pro- 

 portion of heartwood large; very resinous, resin passages numerous and large; 

 medullary rays numerous, conspicuous; color light red or brown, the thin- sap- 

 wood light yellow; durable in contact with the soil. 



Growth. Height, 55 to 100 feet ; diameter, 1 to 3 feet. 



SUPPLY. 



The commercial range of longleaf pine lies in Alabama, Florida, 

 Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and 

 Texas. Few woods have a greater number of names in different local- 

 ities than this tree. Among them are longleaved pine, southern pipe, 

 yellow pine, turpentine pine, rosemary pine, brown pine, hard pine, 

 Georgia pine, fat pine, southern yellow pine, southern hard pine, 

 southern heart pine, southern pitch pine, heart pine, pitch pine, long- 

 leaved pitch pine, long-straw pine, North Carolina pitch pine, Georgia 

 yellow pine, Georgia heart pine, Florida yellow pine, Florida pine, 

 Florida longleaved pine, Texas yellow pine, Texas longleaved pine. 



The total stand of the timber pines of the South is estimated by the 

 Bureau of Corporations at 384 billion feet. 1 Of this amount, 232 

 billion feet is of longleaf and 152 billion feet of shortleaf and lob- 

 lolly pine. The figures for the longleaf include whatever there is of 

 Cuban pine, as the two species were not distinguished by the Bureau 

 of Corporations. It has been roughly calculated that, at the present 

 rate of cutting, the supply of the southern pines will last from 20 to 

 30 years ; and since the rate of lumbering is relatively about the same 

 for all regions where the different species grow, it is assumed that 



1 Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on The Lumber Industry, February, 1911. 



