JACK PINE. 57 



this fact Norway pine stumps have resisted decay, and now, 20 years 

 following cutting, they are in some localities being pulled up and 

 sent to the distillation plant. On arriving there they are washed 

 clean of dirt and gravel, and then, by means of saws, " hogs," and 

 shredders are reduced to small particles not over one-quarter inch 

 thick and an inch or two long. By a blower process the rotten chaff 

 and remaining dirt are separated out. The remainder is then ready 

 for the steaming and extraction process by which the turpentine, oils, 

 and rosin are obtained. The fibrous material, not being destroyed, is 

 suitable for boiler fuel after these processes are completed. It is 

 possible even that this material may be further utilized in making 

 pulp for fiber board. 



JACK PINE (Pinus divaricata). 

 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. 



Weight of dry wood. 29.7 pounds per cubic foot (Sargent). 



Specific gravity. 0.48 (Sargent). 



Ash. 0.23 per cent of dry weight of wood (Sargent). 



Fuel value. 64 per cent that of white oak (Sargent). 



Breaking strength (modulus of rupture). 9,100 pounds per square inch, or 

 57 per cent that of longleaf pine (Sargent). 



Factor of stiffness (modulus of elasticity). 1,332,000 pounds per square 

 inch, or 63 per cent that of longleaf pine (Sargent). 



Character and qualities. Light, soft, not strong; grain fine; annual rings 

 moderately wide; summerwood not broad, resinous, conspicuous; resin pas- 

 sages few, not large; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color clear light 

 brown or rarely orange, the thick sapwood almost white ; not durable. 



Growth. Height, 50 to 65 feet ; diameter, 1 to 2 feet. 



SUPPLY AND USES. 



Among the names by which this tree is known in different parts of 

 its range are scrub pine, gray pine, princess pine, black-jack pine, 

 black pine, cypress, Canada horn-cone pine, chek pine, Sir Joseph 

 Banks pine, juniper, and Bank's air pine. 



There is little probability that jack pine will ever take its place 

 among the important timber trees of this country. Its small size 

 alone retires it to a secondary place ; yet it has and promises to have 

 a certain value, which entitles it to consideration. The tree has 

 attracted considerable attention from foresters, who see in it the 

 probable means of covering large areas of sterile, waste land on which 

 few if any other trees will grow. Its commercial range includes the 

 northern tier of States from Maine to Minnesota and extends as far 

 north in Canada as Hudson Bay. It has been found efficient in fix- 

 ing the drifting sand in certain parts of Michigan where the original 

 forests were cut and burned, and at the same time supplying consid- 

 erable wood and lumber to the industries of the region. Jack pine 



