UTILIZATION OF FISH WASTE 11 



The actual degree of dryness of each type of waste used will need careful 

 chemical investigation, for it has been found that it has an important 

 bearing on the digestibility of the protein, an important factor in 

 marketing. 



Once in the form of a meal, it is ready for compounding into the 

 various feeds. These mixed compounds are then put into a horizontal 

 mixer, steam jacketted, then passed into a pug mill. The face plate of 

 the pug mill is cut so as to permit the dough to pass out in the form of 

 spaghetti, only without a hollow core. This wormlike material passes 

 on to a wire conveyer through a drying or baking oven. On emerging 

 from the oven, the material is broken up to a size of J in. to \ in. in length. 

 It is then ready for cooling and packing for transportation to the con- 

 sumer. 



I need hardly point out that much care and experience is necessary 

 in the manufacture of these feeds, for we have to bear in mind that the 

 material we are handling is chemically very delicate, and the slightest 

 mistake in neglecting temperatures, compounding, drying, etc., spells 

 failure in putting out a digestible food. From my own experience I can 

 testify to vast quantities of apparently well-made fish feed products 

 being put on the market with low digestibility and unpalatable to live- 

 stock. 



There still remains much research to be done on the fish oils, 

 which I am of an opinion can be made extremely valuable. There are 

 many trades calling for good animal oils of this type that, so far as Canada 

 is concerned, are compelled to import for want of manufacture m this 

 country. Besides the necessity for a new source of good animal oil for 

 domestic use, the drug, soap, paint, leather and other trades demand 

 considerable quantities of oil of this nature. 



From these remarks it will readily be realized that there is much further 

 work to be done in connection with the fish waste problem : first, a careful 

 survey as to the economic availability of raw material or fish waste; 

 second, as to the most efficient type of plant, both on water and land, and 

 its cost; third, the cost of manufacture of the various feeds and other 

 products; fourth, the organization of the industry so as to save this 

 waste and make some use of it; fifth, the fish fertilizer industry, being 

 so closely allied to the feed industry, should be considered, making use 

 of kelp and other marine products for the manufacture of 'complete 

 fertilizers'. 



