UTILIZATION OF FISH WASTE 9 



I estimate the market values of these feeds, in normal times, to be 

 as follows: the cattle feed, $40 per ton; hog feed, $50 per ton; poultry 

 feed, $45 per ton and the dog biscuit, $100 per ton. 



For comparison it may be of interest to quote recent prices (April, 

 1917) given me by some leading manufacturers and dealers of 

 other protein concentrates now used by farmers in this country: 



Protein Price 



Linseed cake meal 40 per cent $54 f.o.b., Toronto 



Cotton cake meal 20 to 24 per cent $40 " 



Tankage 60percent $65 " 



Besides the experimental feeding being conducted by the Central 

 Experimental Farm, I, myself , tried a ton on my own farm. Being absent 

 from home on this investigation, I could not conduct the experiment on 

 the usual lines, but, in any case, my chief object was to ascertain if this 

 fresh- water fish waste was as attractive to live-stock as salt-water waste of 

 which I have had previous experience. As a result, I have no hesitation in 

 saying that all stock fed on this material properly compounded did well 

 and relished it. I fed it to 20 head of cattle, 20 head of pigs and about 

 100 poultry. Further, I fattened off one 'beast' on fish meal and bran 

 and sold him at 8| cents per pound on the hoof. 



I am, therefore, satisfied that fresh-water fish waste properly made 

 up is a suitable and economic protein and fat concentrate for all farm 

 live-stock. 



OIL 



So much for the utilization of the dry residue of fish waste. The 

 other economic product obtained is oil. This I found varied both in 

 quantity and quality in relation to the type of waste brought into port. 



Some days the waste would consist chiefly of lake herring viscera, 

 while on others, of whole fish, chiefly eel pouts (lota maculosa) and small 

 blue pickerel (stizostedion canadense) that had been 'bridled' ; sometimes 

 the waste was a mixture of all. So, in order to get some idea of the rela- 

 tive values and types of oil, I divided the waste into two classes, namely, 

 fish guts and mixed waste. 



In the boiling process, I found that I obtained oil of a lighter quality 

 as to colour, freedom from strong smell and purity if the material was 

 kept at 212 F. for one hour, keeping it well disintegrated by constant 

 agitation during the whole period. By continuing the boiling, I found 

 the oil became charred and got darker until it boiled itself at 361 F. I 

 conducted some refining and bleaching tests but got only a few really 

 satisfactory results owing to the constant varying of the oil origin, how- 



