ETHER AND ALCOHOL. 11 



until a considerable time after it has been irritated by the needle, the nar. 

 cotisation may be considered sufficient. A quantity of some fixing liquid 

 sufficient to kill the animals before they have time to contract is then added 

 to the water. 



A space of several hours is necessary in order to thoroughly narcotise an 

 Actinia by this method. 



10. Nicotin in solution may be used instead of tobacco smoke 

 (ANDEES, Atti R. Accad. dei Lincei, v. 1880, p. 9 ; see Journ. 

 Roy. Mic. Soc., N.S., ii, 1882, p. 881). Andres employs a 

 solution of 1 gramme of nicotin in a litre of sea-water. The 

 animal to be anaesthetised is placed in a jar containing half a 

 litre of sea- water, and the solution of nicotin is gradually con- 

 ducted into the jar by means of a thread acting as a siphon. 

 The thread ought to be of such a thickness as to be capable of 

 carrying over the whole of the solution of nicotin in twenty- 

 four hours. 



11. Chloroform may be employed either in the liquid state 

 or in the state of vapour. KOKOTNEFF (Mitth. Zool. Stat. 

 Neapel, v, Hft. 2, 1884, p. 229; Zeitf. wiss. Mik., 2, 1885, p. 

 230) operates in the following manner with Siphonophora. 

 The animals being extended, a watch-glass containing chloro- 

 form is floated on the surface of the water in which they are 

 contained, and the whole is covered with a bell-glass. As, 

 soon'as the animals have become insensible they are killed by 

 means of hot sublimate or chromic-acid solution plentifully 

 poured on to them. 



Liquid chloroform is employed by squirting it in small 

 quantities on to the surface of the water containing the- 

 animals. A syringe or pipette having a very small orifice, so 

 as to thoroughly pulverise the chloroform, should be employed. 

 Small quantities only should be projected at a time, and tha 

 dose should be repeated every five minutes, until the animals 

 are anaesthetised. 



I have seen large Medusae very completely anaesthetised in 

 the state of extension in an hour or two by this method. 

 ANDEES finds that this plan does not succeed with Actiniae, as 

 with them maceration of the tissues supervenes before anaes- 

 thesia is established. 



12. Ether and Alcohol may be administered in the same way. 

 ANDEES has obtained good results with Actiniae by the use of 



