106 CARMINE AND COCHINEAL STAINS. 



H. Gibbes' Borax-Carmine (see Journ. Roy. Hie. Soc., iii, 1883, p. 390). 

 Delage's Osmium-Carmine (Arch, de Zool. exp. et gen., iv, ser. 2, 

 1886 ; Zeit. f. wiss. Mile., iii, 2, 1886, p. 240). Reliefs Carminroth 

 (see Zeit. f. wiss. Mik., i, p. 91). Perl's Soluble Carmine (see FEET, 

 Das Mikroskop., 7 Auf., and Zeit.f. wiss. Mik., i, p. 91). Carminic Acid 

 (see DIMMOCK, Amer. Natural., xviii, 1884, pp. 324-7 ; and Journ. Roy. 

 Mic. Soc., 1884, pp. 471-4). Boric Acid Carmine (ABCANGELI, see 

 Proc.-verb. Soc. Toscana Sc. Nat., 1885, p. 283; and Zeit.f. wiss. Mik., 

 1885, p. 377). Boric Acid Alum- Carmine, ABCANGELI, ibid. Sali- 

 cylic Acid Alum-Carmine, ABCANGELI, ibid. Salicylic Acid Car- 

 mine, ABCANGELI, ibid. Picric Acid Carmine, ABCANGELI, ibid. 

 Picric Acid Carmine, MINOT (see WHITMAN'S Methods in Mic. Anat., 

 p. 42). Uranium-Carmine, GIEBZE, Zeit.f. wiss. Mik., i, 1884, p. 92 ; 

 SCHMAUS, ibid., viii, 2, 1891 ; cf . Munchener med. Wochenschr., 1891, No. 8, 

 p. 147. Carbonate of Soda Carmine, CUCCATI, Zeit. f. wiss. Mik., iv, 1, 

 1887, p. 50. 



B. ALCOHOLIC CAEMINE STAINS. 



168, MAYER'S Paracarmine (Alcoholic Carminate-of-Alumina- 

 and-Lime Solution) (Mitth. Zool. Stat. zuNeapel,*, 3, 1892, p. 

 491) . Carminic acid, 1 grm.; chloride of aluminium, 0*5 grm,'; 

 chloride of calcium, 4 grms. ; 70 per cent, alcohol, 100 c.c. Dis- 

 solve cold or warm, allow to settle, and filter. A light red 

 liquid, specially adapted for staining in bulk, and the nearest 

 approach to a substitute for Grenacher's alcoholic borax- 

 carmine that has yet been discovered. 



Objects to be stained should not have an alkaline reaction. 

 Wash out sections, or objects intended to be sectioned, with 

 pure 70 per cent, alcohol. Objects intended to be mounted 

 whole may be washed out with a weak solution of aluminium 

 chloride in alcohol, or if this be not sufficient, with 5 per 

 cent, common acetic acid (or 2 5 per cent, glacial acetic acid) 

 in alcohol. 



For staining bulky objects with large cavities, such as 

 Salpa, the solution should be diluted (with alcohol) ; and as 

 this may cause precipitates to form during the staining, 

 especially if the objects are not very clean, it is advisable to 

 slightly acidify the dilute solutions. 



Paracarmine gives a nuclear stain of a red colour, though 

 not so fiery red as that of borax-carmine. Its points of 

 superiority over borax-carmine are that it is not alkaline, 

 therefore less hurtful to tissues ; that it is more highly 



