ANTHOZOA. 455 



sublimate solution or glacial acetic acid (53). S. Lo BIANCO 

 has since recommended essentially similar processes. GARBINI 

 (Manuals, p. 151) says that the polyps may be fixed in the 

 state of extension by drenching them with ether, and then 

 bringing them into strong alcohol. 



WILSON (Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, 1884, p. 3) kills Alcyo- 

 naria with a mixture of 1 part of strong acetic acid and 2 

 parts of concentrated solution of corrosive sublimate, the 

 animals being removed as soon as dead and hardened for two 

 or three hours in concentrated sublimate solution. 



BRAUN (Zool. Anz., 1886, p. 458) recommends that for both 

 Zoantharia and Alcyonaria a little osmic acid be added to the 

 sublimate employed for fixation. For Alcyonium palmatum, 

 Sympodium coralloides, Gorgonia verrucosa, Caryophyllia cya~ 

 thus, and Palythoa axinellse he proceeds as follows : The 

 animals are left for a day or two in a glass vessel, so that the 

 polyps may become thoroughly extended. They are then sud- 

 denly drenched with a mixture of 20 to 25 c.c. of concentrated 

 solution of sublimate in sea water with four to five drops of 1 

 per cent, osmic acid. This is allowed to act for five minutes. 



(This method also gives good results with Hydra and some 

 Bryozoa and Kotifers.) 



SCHULTZE (Biol. Centralb., 1887, p. 760) says that for 

 Pennatulidae with large polyps the gradual addition of fresh 

 water is a good plan. 



Sections. For preparing sections, besides the usual methods 

 for sectioning decalcified specimens, we have the valuable 

 methods of von Koch and Ehrenbaum, 311 and 312, which, 

 being applicable to undecalcified specimens and furnishing 

 preparations showing at one and the same time soft parts and 

 hard parts in situ, render most inestimable services. 



Maceration. For the HERTWIGS' well-known method (Jen. 

 Zeit., 1879, p. 457) see 542. The tissues should be left to 

 macerate in the acetic acid for at least a day, and may then 

 be teased in glycerin. 



LIST (Zeit.f. wiss. Mik., iv. 2, 1887, p. 211) recommends 

 dilute liquid of Flemming. Tentacles of Anthea cereus and 

 Sagartia parasitica treated for ten minutes with a mixture of 

 100 c,c. of sea-water with 30 c.c. of Flemming's liquid (the 

 strong solution, 36), then washed out for two or three hours 

 in 0*2 per cent, acetic acid, and teased in dilute glycerin, give 



