OTHER AQUEOUS CARMINES. 87 



ZACHABIAS adds wood vinegar (Acetum pyrolignosum) to this splution in 

 the proportion of 1 drop to 10 c.c. (see Zeit.f. wiss. Mik., v, 3, 1888, p. 371), 



155. Schweigger-Seidel's Acid Carmine (RANVIEE, Traite, p. 99). 

 Ammonia-carmine neutralised and rendered slightly acid with acetic acid. 

 Wash out with 0*5 per cent, of hydrochloric acid. 



156. Hamann's Acid Carmine (Intern. Mon. f. Anat. u. Hist., i, 5, 

 1884 ; Zeit.f. wiss. Mik., ii, 1885, p. 87). Thirty gr. of carmine, 200 c.c. of 

 strong ammonia, and acetic acid to neutralisation or slightly acid reaction. 

 This .may be used for staining, but it is far better to redissolve in a mixture 

 of ammonia and acetic acid in the same proportions the precipitate that 

 forms when the solution is allowed to stand for from two to four weeks. 

 Treatment with HC1 is not necessary. 



157. Neutral Borax-Carmine (NiKiFOBOW, Zeit. f. wiss. Mik., v, 3, 

 1888, p. 337). Boil together 3 parts of carmine, 5 of borax, and 100 of 

 water, adding enough ammonia to get the carmine to dissolve. Evaporate 

 to less than half the original volume. Add dilute acetic acid until the 

 cherry-red colour changes (if you should add too much acetic acid you must 

 re-neutralise with ammonia). Add a little carbolic acid to preserve the 

 solution. 



A direct nuclear stain, like that of alum-carmine, but more powerful. 

 Osmic and chromic objects take the stain well. Over-staining does not 

 occur, so that objects may remain for days in the stain. Wash out with 

 water. 



158. Neutral Borax-Carmine (GBENACHEB, Arch. f. mik. Anat., xvi, 

 1879, p. 466). 



159. Woodward's Borax- Carmine (see Monthly Micr. Journ., vii, 

 1872, p. 38 ; Am. Quart. Micr. Journ., I, 1879, p. 220 ; Joum. Roy. Mic. 

 Soc., ii, p. 613). 



160. H. G-ibbes' Borax-Carmine (see Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc., iii, 

 1883, p. 390). 



161. Delage's Osmium- Carmine (Arch, de Zool. Exp. et gen., IV, ser. 

 2, 1886 ; Zeit. f. wiss. Mik., iii, 2, 1886, p. 240). Ammonia-carmine 

 neutralised by evaporation over a water-bath, and combined with an equal 

 volume of 1 per cent, osmic acid solution, then filtered under a bell-glass. 

 Stains and fixes at the same time. (The mixture, however, will not preserve 

 its fixative properties for more than a few days.) 



162. Other Aqueous Carmines. 



Rollet's Carminroth (see Zeit. f. wiss. Mik., i, p. 91). 



Perl's Soluble Carmine (see FEET, Das Mikroskop, 7 Auf., and Zeit. 

 f. wiss. Mik., i, p. 91). 



Carminic Acid, see DIMMOCK (Amer. Natural, xviii, 1884, pp. 

 324-7 ; and Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc., 1884, pp. 471-474). 



Boric Acid Carmine, AECANGELI (see Proc.-verb. Soc. Toscana Sc 

 Nat., 1885, p. 283 ; and Zeit. f. wiss Mik., 1885, p. 377). 



