

METHODS FOR GENERAL STAINS. 329 



A third method of the same author consists in staining with carminic acid,- 

 and afterwards treating with a mordant. See the papers quoted. 



FBEEBOKN (Amer. Hon. Mic. Journ., 1888, p. 231 ; Journ. Roy. Mic. 

 Soc., 1889, p. 305) also recommends carminic acid, followed by treatment 

 with 10 per cent, solution of chloride of iron. 



Borax-carmine may be used. It is chiefly useful when 

 employed for double-staining with indigo-carmine or an anilin 

 blue to follow. I have obtained some superb stains with 

 Seller's borax-carmine and indigo-carmine process ( 229). 

 Recently (Zeit. f. wiss. Mik., 1884, p. 566, and 1885, p. 349) 

 MERKEL'S mixture of borax-carmine and indigo-carmine (230) 

 has been strongly recommended by MAX FLESCH, who says 

 that it gives extremely rich and instructive images. 



DUVAL (Journ. de VAnat., 1876) speaks very highly of the 

 double stain quoted ante, 231. 



Alum-carmine (Grenadier's or Csokor's) may be used as a 

 nuclear stain (OBERSTEINER). The stain principally takes 

 effect on non-nervous nuclei. 



MAYER'S cochineal is a very good re-agent for staining in 

 the mass. 



Hsematoxylin may be used as a general stain. Bevan Lewis 

 recommends the formula of Kleinenberg, or a formula that he 

 attributes to Minot, which is essentially the same as Bohmer's. 

 BERNHEIMER'S formula, which is quoted in regard to the retina, 

 645, is practically the same thing. 



Alizarin has been recommended by BENCZUE (see THANHOFFER'S Das 

 Mikroskop ; or Zeit.f. wiss. Mik., 1884, p. 97). It is directed that sections 

 be stained for twenty-four hours in a concentrated solution of alizarin in 

 alcohol. 



Anilin blue alone is useful for the demonstration of ganglion-cell processes, 

 see ZUPPINGER, in Arch. f. mik. Anat, 1874, p. 255. 



Anilin blue-black was first recommended by SANKEY (Quart. 

 Journ. Mic. Sci., 1876, p. 69). He stained in a 0'5 per cent, 

 solution, and, in order to obtain a differential stain, washed 

 out for twenty to thirty minutes in solution of chloral hydrate. 

 BEVAN LEWIS (Human Brain, p. 125) considers this to be one 

 of the most valuable stains for nervous centres. He stains 

 sections for an hour in O25 per cent, aqueous solution, and 

 clears and mounts (in the case of brain or cord sections) ; for 

 the cortex of the cerebellum, he washes out for twenty to 



