THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ANIMAL PLAY. 309 



ful activity is perhaps more like that resulting from 

 certain dreams. Only a part of the content of many 

 dreams has any relation to the personal consciousness 

 of the dreamer, while the rest appears as something 

 apart, not belonging to him.* For example, Von 

 Steinen dreamed while he was living among the naked 

 tribes of central Brazil that he appeared in European 

 society where all the guests were without clothes. He 

 was rather surprised, but was easily satisfied when 

 somebody told him, " Everybody does it." f Here is a 

 dialogue between the dream I and the waking con- 

 sciousness which criticises the dream phenomena; the 

 two spheres are so widely separated that they appear 

 as I and you. But dreams that do not allow this are 

 still more like conscious self-deception. We often 

 dream, for example, that we must prepare for some ex- 

 amination that we have already passed, but the waking 

 consciousness quickly interferes with the information 

 that we stood it long ago. J If we could show that the 

 dream pictures were not enforced upon our waking con- 

 sciousness, and that it saw through their shamming and 



* See H. Siebeck, Das Traumleben der Seele, p. 38. 



f K. von der Steinen, Unter den NaturvSlker Centralbrasiliens, 

 p. 64. 



X Binet and Fere show that in hypnosis, too, the waking con- 

 sciousness often rises to the surface. " Every one could probably 

 make some experiments with this dual consciousness by studying 

 his own dreams. Here we see again the relationship between nor- 

 mal sleep and the hypnotic sleep. In general the dreamer is like 

 a somnambulist under a suggested hallucination : he apprehends 

 nothing with certainty ; he allows the most palpable absurdities to 

 be perpetrated before his very eyes. But sometimes a remnant of 

 his common sense awakes, and he cries in the midst of the bur- 

 lesque : ■ But this is an impossibility ; it must be a dream.' " (Binet 

 and Fere, Le magnetisme animal, p. 107.) 



