326 THE PLAY OF ANIMALS. 



product of intellectuality, but the intellectual elements 

 are latent and are manifested only in the shading that 

 they impart to the emotions. So is it in the case we 

 are considering. The consciousness of the obscured 

 real ego that has produced * the whole illusion, and so 

 created a free world of appearance above the causal 

 nexus of reality, does not appear conspicuously in the 

 feeling of freedom that oversteps the bounds of the 

 apparent world, but does impart to it a character that 

 distinguishes it from all other pleasurable feelings. 

 This characteristic seems to me to form the barrier that 

 prevents our confusing the make-believe with the real. 



The artist always employs some means to prevent 

 such confusion — the frame, for example, in painting 

 and the pedestal for a statue. Theodor Alt f includes 

 all such means under the general name of " negative 

 effects," while Conrad Lange calls them " illusion-de- 

 stroying effects." t In play the feeling of freedom sub- 

 jectively performs the office of these objective means. 

 It gives the whole world of appearance a special col- 

 ouring, distinguishing it from everything that is real, 

 and rendering it impossible that even in our utmost 

 absorption we should ever confuse the make-believe with 

 the real. As in aesthetic enjoyment, the real pleasure 

 in beholding — which is, after all, only a special case of 

 our general principle — steps over into the apparent 



* Th. Ziegler says of the feeling of freedom : " But what is the 

 nature of this feeling ? Only ' that all my actions proceed from 

 myself, that I am the cause of them ' ; it is closely related to the 

 feeling of power, one side of it, so to speak, isolated, strength- 

 ened, and generalized, and belonging to the whole ego ; just as in 

 the feeling of dependence, on the contrary, the essential thing is 

 subjection of the ego as a whole." (Das Gefilhl, p. 293.) 



f Alt, System der Kunst, p. 23. 



\ Die bewusste Selbsttauschung, p. 20. 



