CONTENTS. xrii 



CHAPTER XXXVII. 



THE ANTAUCTIC OCEAN. 



Comparative View of the Antarctic and Arctic Regions. — Inferiority of Climate of the former. — Its 

 Causes. — The New- Shetland Islands. — South Georgia. — The Peruvian Stream.— Sea-birds.— The Gi- 

 ant Petrel. — Tlie Albatross. — The Penguin. — The Austral Whale. — The Hunchback. — The Fin-back. 

 The Grampus. — Battle with a Whale. — Ttie Sea-elephant. — The Southern Sea-bear. — The Sea- 

 leopard.— Antarctic Fishes Page 391 



CHAPTER XXXVIIT. 



ANTARCTIC VOYAGKS OF DISCOVERT. 



Cook's Discoveries in the Antarctic Ocean. — Bellinghausen. — Weddell — Biscoe.— Balleny. — Dumont 

 d'Urville. — \Mliies. — Sir James Ross crosses the Antarctic Circle on New Year's Day, 1841. — Dis- 

 covers Victoria Land. — Dangerous Landing on Franklin Island. — An Eruption of Mount Erebus. — 

 Tlie Great Ice Barrier. — Providential Escape. — Dreadful Gale.— Collision. — Hazardous Passage be- 

 tween two Icebergs. — Termination of the Voyage 401 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 



THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN. 



Description of the Strait. — Western Entrance. — Point Dungeness. — The Narrows. — Saint Philip's Bay. 

 — Cape Froward. — Grand Scenery. — Port Famine. — I he Sedger River. — Darwin's Ascent of Mount 

 Tarn. — The Bachelor River. — English Reach. — Sea Reach. — South Desolation. — Harbor of Mercy. — 

 Williwaws. — Discover}- of the Strait by ]Ma,'ellan (October 20, 1521). — Drake. — Sarmiento. — Cav- 

 endish. — Schouten and Le Maire. — Byron. — Bougainville. — Wallis and Carteret. — King and Fitz- 

 rov. — Settlement at Punta Arenas. — Increasing Passage through the Strait. — A future Highway of 

 Commerce 408 



CHAPTER XL. 



PATAGONIA AND THE PATAGONI.\NS. 



Difference of Climate between East and West Patagonia. — Extraordinar}' Aridity of East Patagonia.— 

 Zoology. — The Guanaco. — The Tucutuco. — The Patagonian Agouti. — Vultures. — The Turkey-buz- 

 zard. — The Carrancha. — The Chimango. — Darwin's Ostrich. — The Patagonians. — Exaggerated Ac- 

 counts of their Stature. — Tiieir Physiognomy and Dress. — Religious Ideas. — Superstitions. — Astro- 

 nomical Knowledge. — Division into Tribes. — The Tent, or Toldo. — Trading Routes. — The great 

 Cacique. — Introduction of the Horse. — Industry. — Amusements. — Character 417 



CHAPTER XLL 



TH E FUEGIANS. 



Their miserable Condition. — Degradation of Body and Mind. — Powers of Mimicrj'. — Notions of Barter. 

 — Causes of their low State of Cultivation. — Their Food. — Limpets. — Cyttaria Darwini. — Constant 

 Migrations. — The Fuegian Wigwam.— Weapons. — Their probable Origin. — Their Number, and va- 

 rious Tribes. — Constant Feuds. — Cannibalism. — Language. — Adventures of Fuegia Basket, Jemmy 

 Button, and York Minster. — Missionary Labors. — Captain Gardiner. — His lamentable End. . . . 4i5 



CHAPTER XLII. 



CHARLES FRANCIS HALL AND THE INNUITS. 



Hall's Expedition.— His early Life.— His reading of Arctic Adventure.— His Resolve.— His Arctic Out- 

 fit—Sets sail on the " George Henry."— The Voyage.— Kudlago.—Holsteinborg, Greenland.— Pop- 

 ulation of Greenland.— Sails for Davis's Strait. — Character of the Innuits. — Wreck of the "Rescue." 

 — Ebievbing and Tookoolito.— Their Visit to England.— Hall's first Exploration.— European and In- 

 nuit Life in the Arctic Regions.— Building an Igloo.— Almost Starved.— Fight for Food with Dogs. 

 — Ebierbing arrives with a Seal.— How he caught it. — A Seal-feast.— The Innuits and Seals.- The 

 Polar Bear. — How he teaches the Innuits to catch Seals. — .\t a Seal-hole. — Dogs as Seal-hunters. — 

 Dogs and Bears. — Dogs and Reindeers. — Innuits and Walruses. — 5Iore about Igloos. — Innuit Imple- 

 ments. — Uses of the Reindeer. — Innuit Improvidence. — A Decr-fcast. — A frozen Delicacy. — Whale- 

 skin as Food.— Whale-gum.— How to eat Whale Ligament. — Raw Meat. — The Dress of the Innuits- 



