jiv CONTENTS. 



A pretty Style— IJcliijrious Ideas of tlie Innuits.— Their kindly Character.— Treatment 

 of the Aged and Inlirni. - A \Voman abandoned to die.- Hall's Attempt to rescue her.— 

 The Innuit Nomads, without any form of Government.— Their Numbers Diminisliing — 

 A Sailor wamlers away.— Mall's Search for him.— Finds him frozen to death.— Tiie Ship 

 free from Ice.— I'reparations to return.— Heset in the Ice-pack.— Anotlier Arctic Winter.— 

 Breaking up of the Ice.— Departure for Home.— Tookoolito and her Child " Butterfly."— 

 Death of " Butterfly."— Arrival at Home.— Results of Hall's Kxpedition.— Innuit Tradi- 

 tions.— Discovery of Frobisher Kclics.— Hall's Second Expedition, Page 433 



ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS. 



Cn M'TKii 4:5 — Summary of Arctic Explorations, 787 



Cii.vi'TEK 44 — Hall's Last Expedition, 75/ 



CuAiTEtt 45. — Fate of the Polaris, 777 



♦♦♦ 



TIIE TEOPI^AL WOELD. 



CHAPTER L 



THE OCEAN AND AXyiOSTHKRE OF THE TROPICAL WORLD. 



Characteristics of the Polar and Tropical Worlds. — Geographical and Climatic Limits of the 

 Xones. — Distribution of Land and Water. — Climatic Importance of the Ocean. — Currents 

 of the Ocean. — The Gulf Stream. — Influence of the Gulf Stream upon the Climate of 

 Europe. — The Sargasso Sea. — Columbus ami the Gulf Stream. — The Pacific and Indian 

 Currents. — Heat and Force. — Relative Positions of Hot and Cold Currents. — Currents of 

 the Air. — The Trade Winds. — Atmospheric Currents and Climate. — The Calm Belt near 

 tJie Equator. — Rainfall of Different Regions. — Rainy and Dry Seasons witliin the Tropics. 

 — The Monsoons. — Winds as Regulators of Rains. — Annual Rainfall. — Whirlwinds. — Their 

 Rotary Motion. — Tropical Islands. — Volcanic Islands. — Coralline Islands. — Atolls and 

 Reefs. — Influence of the Ocean upon Life in the Tropical Islands, 471 



CHAPTER n. 



TAHLE LANDS AND PLATEAUS OF THE TROPICAL WORLD. 



Influence of Elevation upon Climate. — The Puna of Peru: Squier's Description of the Puna. — 

 The Soroche or Veta. — View from La Portada. — Effects of the Soroche. — The Sarumpe. 

 — The Veruga Water. — Effects of the Veta on Animals. — Vegetation of the Puna. — The 

 Llama. — Tlie Huanacu. — The Alpaca. — The Vicuna. — Hunting the Vicuna. — The Hunts 

 of the Ancient Incas. — Enemies of the Vicuna. — Other Native Animals. — The O.x, Horse, 

 Mule and Sheep. — Waterfowl. — Warm Valleys. — Rapid Change of Climate According to 

 Elevation. — fMke Tilicaca: The Sacred Island of Titicaca. — Manco Capac, the First Inca. 

 — His Journey from Lake Titicaca to Cuzco. — Fact and Myth respecting Manco Capac. — 

 Extent of the Inca Empire — Inca Civilization originated in the Puna, near Lake Titi- 

 caca. — The S;icred Rock on the Island. — Ruins and Relics on the Island. — The Hacienda 

 on the Island. — The Eve of St. John. — The Bath of the Incas. — Other Sacred Islands. — 

 Ruins at Tihuanico. — Some more ancient than the Incas. — Immense Monolithic Gateways 

 and Hewn Stones. — Inca Civilization. — The Great Military Roads. — System of Posts and 

 Post-Stations. — The VaVeij of Quito: Approach to the Valley from the Pacific Coast. — A 

 Tropical Region —Climbing the Cordillera. — Scenes by the Way. — Quito.— Climate of the 

 Valley. — .Vstronomical Site. — Trees, Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers — Animals. — Birds. — 

 Insects, Reptiles, and Fisli. — The Population of the Valley. — Indians. — Ilalf-Breeds. — 

 Whites. — Courtesy of the People — A Polite Message. — Scenery of the Valley. — Volca- 

 noes. — Imbahura.— Destruction of Otovalo.— Cayamba.— Guamani.— Antisana.— Sincho- 

 lagua — Cofopaxi. — The Inca's Head. — Tunguragun. — Altar. — Sangai. — Its Perpetual Erup- 

 tion. — Chimborazo.— Caraguarizo.- lllinza.— Corazon.— Pichincha. — Its imniense Crater. 

 —Descent into the Crater.— Erui^ions of Pichincha.— TAe Table-Land of Bogota : Voyage 



