374 THE POLAR WORLD. 



cliargc of I\I'Doiial(l,Dr. Hayes now pusliecl on with Kuorr alone, until, on May 

 18, he reached the border of a deep bay, where farther progress to the north 

 ■was stopped by rotten ice and cracks. Kight before him, on the opposite side 

 of the frith, rose Mount Parry, the lofty peak first seen by Morton in 1854 from 

 the shores of Washington Land ; and farther on, a noble headhmd, Cape Union 

 — the most northern known land upon the globe — stood in faint outline against 

 the (lark sky of the open sea. Thus Dr. Hayes divides the honor of extreme 

 nortliern travel with Parry. 



On July 12 the "United States" was released from lier icy trammels, and 

 Dr. Hayes once more attempte<l to reach the opj)osito coast and contiiuie his 

 discoveries in Griimell Land, but the schooner was in too crij)pled a state to 

 force her way through the pack-ice which lay in her course, and comjjelled her 

 commander to return to Boston. 



Thus ended this remarkable voyage ; but having done so much. Dr. Hayes 

 is eager, and resolved, to do still more. Fully convinccid by his own experience 

 that men may subsist in Smith's Sound independent of support from home, he 

 proposes to establish a self-sustaining colony at Port Foulkc, which may be made 

 the basis of an extended exploration. Without any second party in the field to 

 co-operate M'ith him, and under the most adverse circumstances, he, by dint of 

 indomitable jierseverance, pushed his discoveries a hundred miles farther to the 

 north and west than his predecessors ; and it is surely not over-sanguine to ex- 

 pect that a i>arty better provided with the means of travel may be able to trav- 

 erse the 480 miles at least which intervene between Mount Pari'y and the pole. 

 The open sea which both Morton and himself found beyond Kennedy Channel d 

 gives fair promise of success to a strong vessel that may reach it after having 

 forced the ice-blocked passage of Sniith's Sound, or, should this be impractica- 

 ble, to a boat transported across the sound and then launched upon its waters. 



Cajjtain Sherard Osborne, who is likewise a warm partisan of this route, has 

 been endeavoring to interest Government in its favor ; but in the opinion of 

 other scientific authorities an easier passage seems open to the navigator who 

 may attempt to reach the jiole by way of Sjjitzbergen. To the east of this 

 archipelago the Gulf Stream rolls its volume of comparatively warm water far 

 on to the noith-east, and possibly sweeps round the pole itself. It was to the 

 north of Spitzbergen that Parry reached the latitude of 82° 45'; and in 1837 

 the " Truelove," of Hull,* sailed through a perfectly open sea in 82° 30' N., 15° 

 E., and, had she continued her course, might possibly have reached the j)ole as 

 easily as the high latitude which she had already attained. 



The distinguished geographer, Dr. Augustus Petermann, who warmly advo- 

 cates the route between Spitzbergen atul Greenland, has, by dint of perseverance, 

 succeeded in collecting among his countrymen the necessary funds for a recon- 

 noitring voyage in this direction. Thanks to his exertions. May 24, 1868, wit- 

 nessed the departure of a small ship of eighty tons, the "Germania," Captain 

 Koldewey, from the port of Bergen, for Shannon Island (75° 14' N. lat.), the 

 highest point on the east coast of Greenland attained by Sabine in 1823. Here 

 the attempt to explore the unknown Arctic seas beyond was to begin ; but, 



* "Athenaeum," Drc. 3, 1853. 



