CHARLES FRANCIS HALL AND THE INNUITS. 



433 



SURVEYING IN GREENLAND. 



CHAPTER XLII. 



CHARLES FRANCIS HALL AND THE INNUITS. 



Hall's Expedition.— His early Life.— His reading of Arctic Adventure.— His Resolve.— His Arctic Out- 

 fit.— Sets Sail on the "George Henry."— Tlie Voyage.— Kudlago.—Holsteinborg, Greenland.— Pop- 

 ulation of Greenland.- Sails for Davis's Strait.— Character of the Inniiits. — Wreclc of the " Rescue." 



Ebierbing and Tookoolito. — Their Visit to England. — Hall's first Exploration. — European and In- 



nuit Life in the Arctic Regions. — Building an Igloo. — Almost Starved. — Fight for Food with Dogs. 

 —Ebierbing arrives with a Seal. — How he caught it. — A Seal-feast. — The Innuits and Seals.— Tlie 

 Polar Bear.— How he teaches the Innuits to catch Seals. — At a Seal-hole. — Dogs as Seal-ininters.— 

 Dogs and Bears. — Dogs and Reindeers. — Innuits and Walruses. — ^lore about Igloos. — Innuit Imple- 

 ments. — Uses of the Reindeer. — Innuit Improvidence. — A Deer-feast. — A frozen Delicacy. — Whale- 

 skin as Food. — Whale-gum.— How to eat Whale Ligament. — Raw Meat. — The Dress of the Innuits. 

 — A prettv Style. — Religious Ideas of the Innuits. — Their kindly Character. — Treatment of the 

 Aged and Infirm. — A Woman abandoned to die. — Hall's Attempt to rescue her. — The Innuit Nomads, 

 without any form of Government. — Their Numbers diminishing. — A Sailor wanders away. — Hall's 

 Search for liim. — Finds liim frozen to death. — The Ship free from Ice.— Preparations to return. — 

 Reset in the Ice-pack. — Another Arctic Winter. — Breaking up of the Ice. — Departure for Home. — 

 Tookoolito and her Child •' Butterfly."— Death of " Butterfly."— Arrival at Home.— Results of Hall's 

 Expedition. — Innuit Traditions. — Discovery of Frobisher Relics. — ?Iall undertakes a second Expedi- 

 tion. — His Statement of its Object and Prospects. — Last Tidings of Hall. 



AMONG the most remarkable expeditions ever undertaken in the Polar world 

 is that of Charles Francis Hall, performed during the years 1860, 1861, and 

 1862. Its primary object was to discover the survivors of Sir John Franklin's 

 party; for at this time there was good I'eason to believe that out of the 105 who 

 were known to be living on the 25th of April, 1848, some were still surviving. 

 Towards the main purpose of the undertaking nothing was indeed accomplished. 

 Hall came upon no traces of Franklin and his men ; but he acquired a more ac- 

 cui-ate knowledge of the Esquimaux— or rather as they call themselves, and as 

 we shall call them, the Innuits — a word meaning simply "men " or " people" — 

 and their mode of life than was ever before, or is likely to be hereafter, gained 



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