480 THE TROPICAL WORLD. 



CHAPTER II. 



TABLE LANDS AND PLATEAUS OF THE TROPICAL WORLD. 



Influence of Elevation upon Climate. — Tlie Puna of Peru: Squier's Description of the Puna — 

 The Soroche or Veta — View from La Portada — Effects of the Soroche — Tiie Sarumpe 

 — The Vcruga Water — Effects of the Veta on Animals — Vegetation of tlie Puna — The 

 Llama — The Iluanacu — The Alpaca — The Vicuna — Hunting the Vicuna — The Hunts of 

 the Ancient Incas — Enemies of the Vicuna — Other Native Animals — The 0.x, Horse, Mule 

 and Sheep — Waterfowl — Warm Valleys — Rapid Change of Climate According to Eleva- 

 tion. — Lake Titicaca: The Sacred Island of Titicaca — Manco Capac, the Eirst Inca — His 

 Journey- from Lake Titicaca to Cuzco — Fact and Myth respecting Manco Capac — Extent 

 of the Inca Empire — Inca Civilization originated in tlie Puna, near Lake Titicaca — The 

 Sacred Rock on the Island — Ruins and Relics on the Island — The Hacienda on the Island 

 — The Eve of St. John — The Rath of the Incas — Other Sacred Islands — Ruins at Tihu- 

 anico — Some more ancient than the Incas — Immense Monolithic Gateways and Hewn 

 Stones — Inca Civilization — The Great Military Roads — System of Posts and Post-Stations. — 

 Tlie VaVcij of Quito: Approach to the Valley from the Pacific Coast — A Tropical Region — 

 Climbing the Cordillera — Scenes by the Way — Quito — Climate of the Valley — Astronomical 

 Site — Trees, Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers — Animals — Birds — Insects, Reptiles, and 

 Fish — The Population of the Valley — Indians — Half-Breeds — Whites — Courtesy of the 

 People — A Polite Message — Scenery of the Valley — Volcanoes— Imbabura — Destruction 

 of Otovalo — Cayamba — Guamani — Antisana — Sincholagua — Cotopaxi — The Inca's Head — 

 Tunguragua — Altar— Sangai — Its Perpetual Eruption — Chimborazo — Caraguarizo — Illinza 

 — Corazon — Pichincha — Its immense Crater — Descent into the Crater — Eruptions of 

 Pichincha. — The Table-Land of DocjotX : Voyage up the Magdalena — Ascent to the Plateau 

 — Bogotd .and the Bogotdnos — Traveling at Bogota. — Table-Land of Mexico : Its Extent — 

 The Tierra Calicnta — The Tierra Tenipiada — The Tierra Fria — The Valley of Anahuac — 

 The Volcanoes of Orizaba, Popucatapctl, Iztacihuatl, and Toluca. — The Sikkim Slope: 

 Approach and Ascent — Dorjiling — The Sikkim Peaks — Altitude of Kinchin-junga — Flight 

 of the Condor. 



"THTT'ITnTN the geographical limits of the Tropical World is found every variety 

 V V of climate upon the globe. There are great mountain ranges which even at 

 the equator rise above the limits of perpetual snow. Their summits, untrodden by 

 man and unvisited by any other form of animal life, must be more desolate than the 

 extremcst polar regions to which explorers have been able to penetrate. Of living 

 creatures the strong-winged condor only has reached so high. Then, below these, 

 yet rising far into the air, are broad plateaus whose desolate character reminds one of 

 the tundras of Siberia and the wastes stretchino; across the American continent from 

 Hudson's ]Jay to Behring's Straits. 



One of the most notable of these lofty tropical plateaus is that extending between 

 the parallel mountain chains of the Cordilleras in South America. It is known as the 

 Puna or Alios of Peru. In the popular language of the region a part of it is called 



