7-A THE POLAR WORLD. 



• 

 been able to sail fairly into the broad, open Polar Sea ; but as it was, the vessel 

 returned to Tronso in October. Petermann believes that the results of this expedi- 

 tion were of the highest geographical importance ; that it actually penetrated into the 

 open f-oa by its* most available entrance. Two Norwegian captains, Tobiesen and 

 Mack, ^subsequently confirmed the reports of Payer and VVeyprecht. Another Nor- 

 wegian, Captain Carlsen, sailed up the coast of Nova Zembla, and discovered, at the 

 north-east extremity of the island, the remains of the winter encampment established 

 275 years before by the Dutch navigator Barentz, just as Hall, in his first expedition, 

 found relics of the expedition of Frobisher, which had remained almost twenty years 

 longer. Ulve and Smyth also sailed to the north of Spitzbergen, and found open 

 water as high as latitude 80° 27'. In 1872 Octave Pavy, a young Frenchman 

 resident of New Orleans, made proposals for an expedition, which was to leave San 

 Francisco for Kamchatka, and endeavor to reach the Polar Sea by the way of Bering's 

 Strait. He projected an India rubber raft, which when inflated would carry the crew 

 and 10,000 pounds of freight, but which was so light that when not in use it could 

 be packed in a barrel, and so conveyed over land. But there is no account that this 

 idea has been carried into effect. 



It remains only to describe, as far as is now known, the last Polar expedition 

 undertaken by Charles Francis HalL 



