INDEX. 



795 



Ivan Wasiljewitsch I., subdues the Great Novgo- 

 rod, 191. 



• , becomes bea'd of the Greek orthodox Church 



and the first Czar, 192. 

 -, Chancellor's vi^it to him at Moscow, 336. 



Ivan Wasiljewitscli II., his conquest of Kasau, 192. 



, his surname of thd Terrible, 192. 



Ivory, fossil, in the islands of New Siberia, 202. 

 Iwalo river, in Lapland, Castien's journey on the 

 169. 



J. 



Jakowlew family, 219. 



, their enormous wealth in gold mines. 219. 



Jakuts, the, contirmed by the Czar in their posses- 

 sions, 199. 



■ , their snares and traps, 213. 



, their enerj^y and cunninir, 228. 



, their languaire, origin, character, and person- 

 al appearance. 228. 



, their sunmier and winter huts, 229. 



. th^r hoiscs, 230. 



-, their powers of endurance and sharpness of 



vision, 230. 



, their manufactnres and articles of dress, 231. 



, their gluttony, 231. 



-, the universal carriers to the east of the Lena, 



231. 



, their superstitions, 232. 



, their ofterinys of horsehair to the spirit of the 



mountains, 232. 



, their songs, 282. 



. wretched condition of the rivrr, 252. 



Jakutsk, mean temperature of, in summer and win- 

 ter, 27. 



, extreme cold of, 208. 



, gloomy appearance of the town, 233. 



, trade of, 233. 



Jail Jleyen, description of, 146. 



Jelly, made from the horns and claws of the rein- 

 deer, 37. 



Jellv-fish {Phurohraclda pihus) in the sea of Kara, 

 151. 



Jenissei river, Castren's journey to the, 176. 



Jeniseisk, Castren's visit to, 177. 



• , the ostrog of, founded, 195. 



Jyrfalcon {Falco gijrfalco), its head-quarters in Ice- 

 land, 85. 



, former trade in the, 85. 



Jilib?ambaertje, or Xum, the Supreme B.ing of the 

 Sanroifdes, 179. 



"John, Gentleman," the Engli.«h pirate, 118. 



John's, St., ca])ital of Newfoundland, 378. 



Ji kuls, or ice-mountains of Iceland. 68. 



Jcknlsa i Axarfirdi river, in Iceland, 78. 



J kulsa river, in Iceland, 78. 



Jones's Sound, discovery of the entrance to, 343. 



Jukahires, chief resource of those of the Aniuj, 

 237. 



> , Jelissei Busa's re?idence among the, 195. 



K. 



Kadiak, island of, discoverA' of the, 202. 

 Kai;ik, island of, landing of Stella on the, 249. 

 "Kalewala," Castr>l'n's Swedish translation of the, 



170. 

 Kamchatka, subjugation of, by th° Russians, 198. 

 , cruelty of the conquerors, 198. 



Kamchatka, Steller's scientific journey to, 248. 



, its climnte and fertility, 254. 



. abundance offish in the rivers, 255. 



, bir.l-catch rs of, 255. 



, population, 255. 



, mountain chain and volcanoes, 256. 



, climate and mineral springs, 256. 



, harljois and population. 2.'4;. 



, lie;iltliiness of the people, 257. 



, their food, 'lh<. 



, their animals, 258, 260. 



, character of the ]ieople, 260, 261. 



Kane, Dr., his Arctic voyages, 365. 



, his account of his first winter in Rensselaer 



Bay, 3G5. 



, his description of the Polar night, 366. 



, his sledge journey along the coast of Green- 



Lind, 367. 



. his illne-s on the voyage and recovery. 368. 



, resolves to winter a second time in Rensselaer 



B.iy, 369. 

 , departure and return of part of his crew, 369, 



370. 



, sufferings of ills party, 371. 



, aliandonment of his ship, and boat jonrncy to 



Upernavik, 371. 



, his return to New York, and death. 372. 



Kara Gate, reached by Stephen Burrough, 336. 

 Kara, Sea of, 147. 



, expeditions to the. 147. 



Kasan, Russian conquest of, 192. 



Kellett, Captain, his search for Franklin, 359. 



Kendall, Li-ut., his voj-age to the Coppermine 



river, 349. 



. his account of Deception Island, 303. 



Kennedy, William, his search for Franklin, 358. 



, his sledge journey with Hellot, 359. 



Keimedy Channel, Dr. Hayes's sledge journey 



acr(>.ss, .868. 



, his voyage across, 373. 



Kerguel' n Land, climate of, 393. 



Khipsack, destruction of the empire of the Khans 



of, 191. 

 King, Captain, liis survcv of the ilagellan Strait, 



415. 

 King William's Island, coast of, traced by Mr. 



Thoma« Simpson, 356. 

 Klofa ji kul. extent of the. 69. 

 Knight, John, bis melancholy Arctic voyage, 341. 



, murdered by the ICsquimaux, 342. 



Koldewev, Captain, his journey towards the North 



Pole, 374. 

 Kolwa, Castren's visit to, 174. 

 Kolvnia viv< r, inundations of the, 237. 

 Kolymsk, Ni hnei, foundation of the town of, 197. 



, Wrangell's visit to, 2.?4. 



, situation and cliniatt- of. 2.'^4. 



, vegetable and animal life, 235. 



, population of the district, 236. 



, dwellings of the Russian rcsiilenls. 236. 



, moile of life of the natives, 236, 237. 



, their dogs, 236, 2.'i7. 



, lierry-gatlieiing in the district, 238. 



, fimine of the people, 238. 



, social parties at, 2:J«. 



Koriaks, the, roufirined by the Czar in tlicir pos- 

 sessions, 199. 

 Koionnoic Filippowskoi, Von MiddcndorfTs journey 



to, 221. 

 Kostin Schar, visit of Von Baer to, 132. 

 storm in, 152. 



