796 



INDEX. 



Kcitlugjfl, eruptions of, since tlie colonization of 



Ic^Uiiul, 95, 97. _ 

 Krasnojar.-k, Castren's visit to, 175, 176. 



, extiaviigaiica of tlie jrolil aristocracy of, 218. 



Krenitzin, liis discovery of tlie peninsula of Aljaslia, 



■2(J2. 

 Kresdowosdwishensl?, produce of the gold mine of, 



218. 

 Krisuvik, burning mountains of, 69. 

 Krotow, Lieutenant, lost otl"Xova Zembla, 147. 

 Kutchiii Indians, tiieir dwellint;-place, 331. 



, their personal appe.iraiice and dress, 331. 



, tlioir medium of excliaii;^e, 331. 



, th:-ir women and children, 332. 



, their amusements, 332. 



, thoir wars witli the Esquimaux, 333. 



, their suspicions and timorous lives, 333. 



, their mode of pounding the moose-deer, 333. 



, their frequent distress, 334. 



, their huts, 334. 



Kutclium Khan, his conquest of Siheria, 192. 

 , defeated by Yerniak the robber, at Tobolsk, 



193, 194. 

 . , bis revenge, 194. 



L. 



Labrador, barren lands of, 22. 



, effect of tlie icy seas and cold currents on the 



climate of, 22. 

 • , discovered and colonized by Greenlanders, 



Lachow Islands, discovery of the, 202. 



Lagartiiut river, in Iceland, 78. 



Lakes of Newfoundland, 377. 



Lambert, M. Gustave, his opinion as to the route 



to the Pole, 375. 

 Lancaster Sound, discovery of the entrance to, .343. 

 Lapps, their history and conversion to Christianity, 



156. 



• , poverty and self-denial of their c'ergy, 157. 



, tiieir ancient gods and present superstitions, 



156, 157. 



,Evil Spirit of the woods, 157. 



, sorcery and witchcraft, 158. 



-, their personal appearance, 158. 



Lappars, the Fjall, or Mountain Lapps, 159. 



, their dwellings, 159. 



■ , their reindeer pens, 160. 



' , their summer and winter encampments, 161. 



, their sledgss and skates, 161. 



• , natural beauties of ih-ir country, 162. 



, their love of home, 162. 



, thiir mode of hunting the bear and the wolf, 



163, 164. 



, rlie wealtliy, and their mode of living 164. 



, their annual visits to the lairs, 165. 



, their drunkenness, 165. 



thir worsliip of mammon, treasure hoard- 



ing, 165. 



, their fondness for brandy and tobacco, 165. 



, th 'ir art'ectionate disposition, 1()6. 



, the Skogslappars, or Forest Lapps, 166. 



-, the Fisher, 166. 



Laptew, Lieut. Clieriton, his explorations of the 



coasts of Tainuirland, 2J0 



, his explfir.itions to the cast of the Lena. 200. 



Larch, the, of Sil)eria, 24. 



, of the Hudson's Bay Territorv, 24. 



Lavvr; nee, St., climate and vegetation of the island 



of. 271 



Lava streams of Iceland, 69, 77. 



, streams of, thrown out by the great eruption 



of Skaptar Ji kill, 95-97. 



Laxaa, or Salmon river, abundance of fish caught 

 in tlie, 87. 



Leif, the Norwegian jarl, his visit to Iceland, 90. 



, nnirdered by his Irisli slaves, 91. 



Lemming, its habitat and food. 42. 



, e.saggerations of Olaus Magnus and Pontop- 



pidan respecting the, 42. 



, its enemies, and accidents to which it is lia- 

 ble, 42. 



of New Siberia, 27. 



of Nova Zeinbla, 154. 



Lena river, ascended by the Cossacks, 195. 



, importance of the, 17. 



, barren grounds near the, 22. 



, WrangelTs journey down the, 233. 



Leprosy, or '' likthra," of Iceland, 110. 

 Lichens, gray, of the " barren grounds," 18. 



, food for the reindeer, 27. 



, the Lichen ran(jif(riiius, the food of the rein- 

 deer, 36. 



of Nova ZemMa, 153. 



of the Pribilow Islands, 271. 



Liddon, Lieut. JL, his Arctic voyages, 345. 

 Lindenow, Godske, his voyage to Greenland, 383. 

 Lion, sea- (fitana StelUri), value of the skin of the, 

 276. 

 -, the sea-, of the .Antarctic Ocean, 399. 



Lister, Cape, discovery of, 385. 



Lithuanii, tlie ilk of, 39. 



Loaisa, Gircia de, his voyage round the globe, 413. 



Lofoten Islands, the, 125. 



, cod-tisliery of the, 125, 126. 



Looming objects in the Arctic regions, 55. 



Loschkii), the walrus-hunter, his voyage on the coast 

 of Nova Zembla, 147. 



Liistadius, the Lapp priest, his self-denial and pov- 

 erty, 157. 



Loucheux. See Kutchin Indians. 



Louis-Philippe Terre, discovery of, 402. 



Lovunnen, puffins of, 125, 



Louenorn, his voyage to Greenland, 383. 



Liitke, Admiral, his endeavors to penetrate along 

 the coast of Nova Zembla, 147. 



Lychnis, purple, of the Arctic regions, 20. 



Lynx, Canada, or pishu (Li/nx Canadensis), 317. 



— — , v;iluo of the fur of the, 212, 317. 



Lj'on, Captain, his unsuccessful voyage, 348. 



M. 



Mackenzie, Alexander, his voyages of discovery 



in North America, 308. 

 ^Mackenzie river, importance of the, 17. 



, forests and barren lands near the, 22. 



, influence of the southerlj' winds en the tem. 



perature of the valley of the, 27. 



■ -, dicovery of the, 308. 



Maesnikow, Nikita, his gold-fields in Eastern Sibe- 



ria, 214, 217, 218. 

 Magdalena Bay, description of, 133. 

 jSIagellan, Stiait of, 408. 



, description of the, 4C8. 



, entrances to, 409. 



, opening into the Pacific, 411. 



, discovery of the, l>y Magellan, 413. 



, .Sir J. Narbornngh's chart, 414. 



• , Captains King and Fitzroy's surveys of, 416. 



