INDEX. 



79< 



Jfagero, island of, 129. 



Magicians of the >anioiedes, 180, 181. 



Malewinskv, Lieutenant, his gold mine of Olginsk, 



218. 

 Maelstrom, the, 126. 

 Mammoth, fossil remains of the, in New Siberia, 



202. 

 Man, his difficulty in establishing a footing in the 



Arctic regions, 17. 

 — — , liow he is able to stand the rigors of an Arc- 

 tic winter, 28. 

 Maps of tlie Esquimaux, 302. 

 Mariiiisk, station of, built by the Russians, 196. 



, gold mine of, 217. 



Marshes of Newfoundland, 377. 

 Marten, pine (Mm-tes abi<tvw), the, 316. 



■ , value of the fur of tiie, 31 6. 



Mary ]\Iinturn river, flowers of, 20. 



Matiuschkin, his sledge journey over the Polar Sea, 



241. 

 Matoschkin Schar, visits to, 147-152. 

 Mattliew, St., island of, inhospitable character of 



the, 271. 

 Mattliew's Straits, visited by Rosniysslow, Pach- 



tussow, and Herr von Baer, 147-152. 

 McClintock, Lieut, (now Sir Leopold), his search 



for Franklin, 360. 

 , his voyage in the " Fox," and discovery of 



the fate of Franklin and his companions, 362-364. 

 McClure, Captain, his search for Franklin, 359-?6]. 



, his discovery of the north-west passage, 360. 



Mecham, Lieut, his search for Franklin, ?60. 

 ^lediterranean, dried codfish sent to the, 129. 

 Medusae, enormous numbers of, in the Polar world, 



59. 



, in the seas offSpitzbergen, 133. 



MeU'ille Hay, enormous glaciers of, 49, 50. 



^lelville Island, discovery of, 345. 



Mentschikoff, Prince, his exile and death in Siberia, 



205. 

 , his son restored to the honors of his house, 



205. 

 !Mercy Bay, discovery of, 361. 

 Mercy, barlior of, 412. 

 Middendorti". Von, his adventures in Taimurland, 



220. 



• , his visit to the Chatanga river, 221. 



■ , ills journey down the Taimur river to the 



Polar Sea, 221-223. 



■ , his return journey and illness, 223-225. 



■ , gratitude of the Samo'edes, 224. 



-, his observations on the c'.imate and natural 



productions of Taimurland, 225. 

 Midnigiit, silence of, in Spitzbeigen, 135. 

 Milk of the reindeer, 36. 

 ^Minerals of Iceland, 88. 

 Mink {I'ison Amtricanns), value of the fur of the, 



316. 

 Misery, Mount, 145. 

 ISIollufca, small, of the Polar Seas, 59. 

 Moonlight nights in the Arctic regions, 32, 33. 

 Morse. See Walrus. 

 Morton, one of Kane's crew, 368, discovers 



Washington land, 369 Hall's last exped.,75'J. 

 Mosquitoes of Nishne-Kolymsk, 235. 

 Mosses, dingy, of the " barren grounds," 18. 



-. of Nova Zembla, 153. 



of the Pril)ilo\v Islands, 270, 271. 



Mourawieft", Count Nicholas, his annexation of the 



Amoor, 196. 

 Mouse, field, of Spitsbergen, 137. 



Muchamor, the fungus, used as food by the Earn- 



cliatkans, 258. 

 Mild springs, boiling, of Icdand, 70. 

 Munich, Marshal, his exile to Siberia, 205. 



, liis return and subsequent life, 2tf6. 



Munk, Jens, his voyages, 313. 



Munkliolu), castle of, 124. 



]\Iurderers, treatment of, in Russia, 206. 



Muscovy Company, its endeavors to discover a 



nortli-east pa.ssage to India. 336. 

 Musk-ox {Ovibus moschalus), description of tlie, 40. 

 , its former and present habitat, 40, 41. 



Musquash, musk-iat, or ondatra {I'ibtr zibethicus), 

 317. 



, villages, 318. 



, modes of catching the animal, 318. 



value of tlic fur of the. 318. 



Mussels on the coast of Greenland, 59. 

 My vatn, ducks of the, 84. 



N. 



NADPonR, the Norwegian pirate, his discovery of 



Iceland, 89. 

 Naniar, or boiling mud-springs of Iceland, 70. 

 Narborough, Sir John, his chart of the Strait of 



Magellan, 414. 

 Narwhal, or sea-unicorn, domain of the, 60. 



, its tusk, 61. 



, Greenland fishery of the, 387. 



Narym, Castren's vi>it to, 175. 

 Necromancy of the Samo'edes, 1?0. 

 Nertschinsk, treaty of, 196. 



, criminals at I lie mines of, 206. 



Ness, Castren's vi>it to the Sanio edc village of, 172. 

 Newfoundland, discovered and colonized by Green- 



landi rs, 335. 



. its deso'ate appearance. 376. 



, its forests, marslies, and barrens, 376, 377. 



, its lakes and ponds. 377, 378. 



, its fur-bearing animals, 378. 



— . — , its reindeer and wolves, 378. 



, its climate and inhabitants, "78. 



, its capital, St. John's, 378, 379. 



, history of the island, 379. 



, taken | ossessi' n of liy the English, 379. 



, right of the French and Americans to fish 



on the banks of, 379. 



, the French town of Placrntia, 379. 



, the whole island ci(Ud to England, 370. 



importance of tlie cod-fishcrics, 379. 



, the great l)anks of, 380. 



J account of the mode of lishing, 380. 



, fogs and storms, 380, 381. 



, seal-catching, K81. 



Newspap.rs oi Iceland, 110. 



Night of a Polar winter, Kane's description of, 360, 



Nicolayevsk, station of, built by the Russians, 196. 



Noiba, gold-diggings on the, 216. 



Noifolk Hav, pi sition and fnr-trade of, 272. 



Niirth-eastcm route to India and China, Sebastian 



Cabot's idc'a of, 335. 



, attempts to di-cover it. 3.n5-3.37. 



North Pule, the first attempt to sail across the. 342. 



, the plan first suggested by Tiorne, 342. 



, Score-liy's near apprnnc h to I lie. 3 '4 



, Parry's boat and sledge jnurnry tmvnrds the, 



350. 

 Pr. Haves's opinion ns to the pracficabilitr 



of reaching the, across Kennedy Cbauml 374. 



