800 



DTDEX 



Ba«s, Sir John, his second joomey, 351. 



, bis five rear* in the Arctic Ucean, 351-3M. 



. liis return bom,' and honors, 3^. 



, Sir James, Lis Arctic vovages, 351. 



. his searc'i for Franklin. 357. 



, his •iiscoveries in the Antarctic Ocean, 402. 



. colIL?ion between his ships, the "Erebus" 



and '• Terror." 4<J5. 406. 



. his danirer between two icebei^s, 4Ci6. 



Rum. effv-crs of. on an Iceland cler-nm.in. lOL 

 Raperts Land, held b_v the Hndsous Bay Companv, 



310. 

 RassLi. character of the coniferse of. 23, 24. 

 , the elk of the woods of the norihern parts of, 



40. 

 . conquest ofl bv the Tartars under Baaty 



Khan, li>L 

 . liberated from the T:irtar yoke by IvaH I., 



191. 



, adrances of, in Siberia, 195. 



, annexes the coantry of rhe Amoor. 196. 

 . condition of the natives under the yoke of. 



197. 198. 



. exiles from, to Siberia. ■2">4-205. 



value or" the skins annually imported by, 212, 



213. 



, life and dwellings in >i«hne-Kolyinsk. 233. 



. fir>t treaty of commerce between England 



and. 333. 

 , Company, patent granted to the, to fish off 



Greenland. Ic8. 

 Ra55ian For Companv, accoaut of the, and its trade, 



27 >. 



S-iBi:fE. Mount, discovery of. 402. 



Sable, value of the, to the Cossack conquerors of 



Siberia. 195. 



■ , importance and beauty of the fur of the, 209. 



. hunting. 210. 



Sabrina Land, discovery of, 401, 402. 



Sair-men, or hi#torij.ns, of Iceland. 94. 



Sajan Mountains, Castren's jotimey over the, 177. 



Salmon, Alpine (Sa'.iHo a'lnfutsy, immense numbers 



or, in 2fova Zemlila, 155. 

 Salmon, shsals of. in the rivers of the Arctic regions, 



19. 



, abundanc? of. in Iceland. 87. 



. of the S?a of Ochot-k. 246. 247. 



abundance of. in Kamchatka. 255. 



Sam >iedes, Enioj:ean, Castreii'sjoumev among the. 



170. 



, their drnnkenue=s, 171. 



, their imparl nee of confinement, 171-173. 



. their b-.ir;>ari--m. 179. 



. their Supreme Beujg. Num. or Jilibeambaert- 



je, 179. 



. their recourse to incantations. 180. 



, tjeir idols, 180. 1»<L 



. their reverenc? paid to the dead. 181. 



, the-ir mod? of taking an oath, 182. 



, thei.- per.-^:ial a[ pearance and habits, 182. 



, th«ir wealth in reirdeer, 183. 184. 



. their entire nnmler in Enmj^ and Asia, 184. 



, their traditions of ancient heroes. 184. 



, confirmed br the Czar in their po5se-sions, 



199. 

 , the companions of Von ^liddendorff on his 



journ»>y. 221. 22i>. 

 S^jDond Frcde, his Icelandic works, 94. 



Sand-bee (^Andrena) of Nova Zembla, 154. 



Sand-reed bread used in Ice'and, 79. 



Sarroiento. Pedro. Lis voyage, 414. 



Sawina river. 148. 



SaxiiraiTas. th.-. of the treeless zone, 20. 



Scalil-s or uanls, of Iceland. 94. 



ScaixLinavia, character of the conifera of. 22. 



Sclialaurow, his journevs on the ct»ast of Siberia, 

 ■iOl. 



Scharostin. his residence at Spitzberaren, 142. 



Schelagskoi. Cape, rounded by Count Michael Stad- 

 ucbin, 107. 



, reached by Schalanrow, 201. 



Scoresby, Dr., his visit to Spitzbergen, 132. 



. Captain, bis near approach to the North Pole, 



344. 



. his voyage to Greenland. 385. 386. 



Scotia. Nova, discovered and clonizcd by Grcan- 

 1 landers, 335. 



Scun-j- ill Spitzbergen, 140-142. 



. preservative against, 141. 



. Lapp mode of preventing the, 166. 



Sea, indurnce of the, on the severity of the Arctic 

 winter. 27. 



Sea. .\ntarctic. compared with the Arctic regions, 

 391. 



. abserce of vegetation in the. 391. 



. causes of the inferioritj- of the Antarctic cli- 

 mate. 391. 392. 



. immensity- of the icebei^ of the, 392. 



. the Peruvian current. 394. 



. birds of the cotsts, 394- 



. cetaceans, 397-399. 



, An^tral fishes, 400. 



, voyages of discovery, 401. 



. storms and pack-ice. 4i'm ft sej. 



Seas, .\rctic. dangers f«eculiar to tlie, 45u 



. iloaring ma.«ses of ice, 45, 46. 



. ice-blink, 54. 



. summer fogs, 54. 



, clearness of the atmosphere and apparent near- 

 ness of olijects, 55. 



. phenomena of reflection and refraction of the 



atmosphere. 55. 



. causes which prevent the accumulation of 



Polar ice, 55-57. 



. th- animals r.f the. 40. 43. 44. 59. 



. Russian discoveries off the Siberian coast. 201 



Si 



I 



et seq. 

 . Von MiddendoriTs journey down the Taimnr 



river to the Polar sea. 221. 



, Wrangcll's nights on the Polar sea, 229, 



. liis observations on the Polar sea. 240. 



. Matiu?chkin's sledge journey. 241. 



. voyages of the English and Dutch, 335 et 



ffq. 



Sea-bear of Bering's s^a. fi2. 

 Sea-eagles of the coast of Norway, 125. 

 Sea-elephant of the Antarctic C>cean. 398. 399. 

 Sea-gulls of the coast of Norway, 124, 125. 

 Sea-lion of Bering sea. 62. 



of the Pribilow Islands. 271. 



Seal-fishing at .Spitzberften, 142. 



of Nova Zf mbla. 155. 



hunts of the Esquimaux. 29.5. 296. 



catthing at Ne-.vfonndland. 381- 



hunting on the coasts of Greenland, 384, 446. 



Seals, the. of the Polar seas, 62. 



. their u^es to m in. 62, 44&. 



. the .Antarctic. .%9, 400. 



. their igloos, 449. 



