IXDEX 



801 



Sea-orter. valae of ihe skin and former onmbers of I 

 the. :iiJL --'02. . 



Sed^er riser, romantic scenery of the, 410. 



Semple, Governor, marder of. 30^, j 



Sertulurians on the coasts of Greenland, 59. 



S rvice-trees in the Arctic re^olI^, 2-L 



Shark, basking, on the northern coasts of Iceland, 

 87. 



, its OSes to the islanders, ST. 



-, oil manufactured Irom its liver. 87. 



, the northern (^Scyauius mierocepAuiiu). aband- 



ance of. off Spitzbergeii. 137. 

 -. fishen- of, on the coast of Greenland. 3*7. 



Sheep, wild (^Ocis mimt'out), of the Bockr Mount- 

 ains, description of the, 41. 



. the, of Icrland, and their enemies, 80. 



. mode of sbeep-sheaiing. 80. 



Shetland islands. Xew, account of the, 392, 39aL 

 Shrimps olf Spitzbergen, 133. I 



Siberia, extent of the treeless zone of, 22. ' 



. character of the conifene o£ 23, 24. 



. the elk of. o9. 



. the roebuck and red deer of. 40. 



, the anralL or wUd sheep of. 41. 



. the white dolphin in the rivers of. 61. ' 



. conquest of, by the Cossacks, for the Bus- 



sians, l&o, 194. 

 -. final conquest of. bv the Russians, and fixm- 



Sledges of the I^pe. 161. 



. the sacred sledge, Bahengan. of the Samo;- 



edes, l>fO. 

 Smith's Scnnd. temperatmie o^ 27. 



. icebergs formed in, 48. 



, discovery of the entrance to. 313, 365. 



" Sntoke. valley of." in Iceland, 70. 



Soorti Sturl^on, the Uemdotos of the yorth. ac- 



cocmt of him and his '• Heim*krint:la." 91, 96. 

 Snow-bantings of the " barren gronnds." l*. 

 Snow, its protectioQ of the v^euti>.n of the Arctic 



rKn'-fni, 19. 



, warmth caused by, 19. 



. no laud yet found covered to the water'? edge 



with eb-rual snow, 27. 



. amoont <^ the fall ot in Taimoriand. 225. 226. 



, probable diminution trf the fidl of^ advaiscing 



towards the pole, 226. 

 -. its protection against cold. 226. 



dation of Tobolsk. 195 (t s^q. 

 . condition of the natives of. under the draninion 



of Russia, 197. 198. 



, scientiiic expeditions sent to, 200 ft »cq. 



. its past age:^, 2»J3. 



. its extent and capabilities. 304. 



. the exiles sent there. 2»>l-2'>:>6. 



. their condition there, 206. 



condition of the Wes: Siberian peasants, 207, 



2t>8. 



-. resources of the coontry. 208. 



-, extremes of heat and cold. 2»ji8. 



-, fur-bearing animals. 209 el teq. 



-. the cold-delds of Eastern, and the miners, 214- 



216. 

 . value of the prt»dnce of Foroe of the mines, 



217. 218. 

 . entire value of the pr\d. ce of gold in 1856 



and 1860, 218. 

 . luxnrv and extravagance caused bv the 



wealthv gold specularors. 218. 219. 



. the' gold of the Ural. 219. 



. ^»ew. lemmings of, 27. 



, discovery of the islands of, 201, 202. 



-. fossil ivorv of. 2«^. 



Sibir. the capital of the Tartars in Siberia. 192. 

 . taken bv Termak. the robber, for the Czar, 



IM. 

 Simpson. Mr. Thomas, his Arctic land voyage, 355. 



, his dL«coveries. 356. 



, a<sassinateil. 356. 



Sirowatsky. his discovery of the Arx^hipelago of 



Xew Sii>eria. 2«>o. 

 Skalholt, the ancient capital of Iceland, account of. 



i>8. 



. its presrnt condition. 99. 



, its meadow lands aini scenery, 99. 



Skaptar jOknl, 69 



. the great emption of, in 1783, 95. 



Skates of Lapps^ ItTl. 



Skeidara. Mr. Holland's joomev across the. 111. 112. 



Skjalfandailjot river in Iceland, 78 



Sko^lippar. or Forest L;<pps, account of til n lOd. 



Socialism among the Dog-rib Inoians. 329. 

 Solfataras of Iceland and Sicily compared, 88. 

 Sdovetskoi, convent of. 180. 

 Sorcery of the Laplar.ders. 158. 



, of the Samoledes. 18«>. 



Si»in. salted cod-fi^ imported into, 129. 

 Spasy. produce of die gtrfd mine of. 218, 

 Spirits, invisible, of the Samoiedes, 180, 181. 

 Spitzbergen. flowers of. 2*). 



. vast fields of ic? in the plateau of, 27, 



. food of the reindeer of. 27. 



. proofe of a former mildeT climate in, 29, 30, 



, birds of. 43, 44. 



-. apparent nearness of objects at, in d-rar 



weather. 54. 



. the walrus of the coast of. 64. 



, description of the archipeLigo of, 131. 132. 



, the west coast, 132. 



. Scoresbv's ascent of a mountain, and excar- 



sion along the coast. 132. 133. 

 — . 3ilagdalena bay. 1^-136. 



. ice-cliffs and avalanehcs of ice, 135. 



— -. scientiiac exploring exfe»lititns sent to, ISfi. 



, flna and fauna of^ 136L 137. 



^. fisheries o£ 139. 



, coal and drift-wood oL 137, 138. 



. history of. 138. 



. attempts made to cckmize it, 139 -141- 



— . Russian houters* mode of wintering at. 142. 



. walrus and seal-fishing at, 142. 



-, discoverv of. 340. 



Spout, the. of Newfoundland. 37&. 

 I Springs^ hot. of loflaud, 70. 



. the Geysir, 71- 



. the Strokkr. 72. 



Sprace fir oi the Hudson's Bay territory, 24. 

 Squirrel, value oi the fur of the. 212. 

 Stadolski Island, visit oi Pachtussow to. 148. 

 Staduchin. Count Michail. his fotrndatioa of the 



town of XL<hnei-Kolymsk. 196. 197. 

 navigates tlie sea eastwar\i of Cape ScbeUg- 



skoL 197. 

 Stawinen river. H8. 

 Steller. G, W.. notice of him. 248. 



. his s*"ientifio journey to Kamchatka. 248. 



, ill-treatetl by IJeriii^, 250. 



. his suiTerings on Bering's Islam', - 



, d'ath of his cnnimander. Bering, —.2. 



. hi< return to R.-^mchatka. 232. 



. • . : bv the Sioerian aoiborities, 253. 



" • - 2-V5. 



Stockfish of icciaiid. 87. 



