802 



INDEX. 



Storms on the Wliite Sea, IfiO. 



of the Tundras, 172, 173. 



of the Arctic zone. 220, 226. 



off Newfomicnuiicl, .' 81. 



in the Antarctic ocean, 404, 405. 



, the williwaws, or hurricane squalls, of the 



Strait of MajicUan, 412. 

 Strojionoff, foundation of the IJussiau family of, 192, 



193. 

 Strokkr, description of tlic, 72. 

 Strunybow Indians of the liocky Mountains, the, 



;527. 

 Sulikertoppt>n, seen by Davis, 337. 

 Sulphur of lc;'land, 88. 



•, compared witii tliat of Sicily, 88. 



Summer,the perpetual daylight of, 'o6. 



. foiis of, oi. 



-in Tainmrland, 225. 



Sun, the niidnii,'ht, effect of, on icebergs, 50-52. 



Sunset, magniticence of a, 32. 



Surgut, ('astren's visit to, 175. 



Surts-hellir, or caves of Surtur, description of, 77. 



Suslik, the, of Sil)?ria, 212. 



, value of its fur, 212. 



Svatoinoss, Cape, fossil ivory at. 202. 

 Sviatoi-noss, doubled by the Russians, 200. 

 Swans of Iceland, 81, 84. 



T. 



Tabix, the imaginary Cape, of the Dutch naviga- 

 tors. 339. 



Tadibes, or sorcerers of the Samoiedes, 180. 



, their dress ar.d incantations, 180. 



Tagilsk, Xishne, the gold-producing town of, 219. 



Taiga, melancholy character of the, 230. 



, gold-lields of tlie, 213. 



Taimur Lake, visited l)y Lieut. Laptew, 200. 



■ -, storm on the, 223. 



Taimur river, visited by Lieut. Laptew, 200. 



— — , Von Middendorft's journe}' to the, 221-223. 



Taimurland, eniieavors of Prontschischtschew to 

 doul)le the capes of, 200 



, Middendorffs adventures in, 220, 221. 



■ , his observations on the climate and natural 



productions of, 225. 



amnnnt of the fall of snow in, 225, 226. 



i Temperature, influence of the winds on, 27. 



, former milder, of the Arctic regions, 29. 



, probable causes of the changes in the Arctic 



climate. 29. 



1 , the lowest ever felt by man. 28. 



, how man is enabled to bear extraordinary low, 



I 28. 



' of Iceland at different places, 78. 



Tennvson's Monument, Dr. Kane's description of, 



367. 

 Terror, Mount, 403. 

 Terski Lapps, Gastrin's attempted journev to the, 



170. 

 Thangbrand, Christian missionary to Iceland, 93L 

 , 94. 

 Thingvalla, plain of, 76. 



, site of tlie ancient Icelandic Althing at, 91, 



Tana river, discover3' of tlie, by Jelissei Busa, 195. 

 Tarn !Mouut, Darwin's ascent of, 411. 

 Tartars, their subjection of the Russians, 191. 



driven out by Ivan I., 191. 



perinanentlj' overthrown bj' Ivan II., 19i. 



Tattooing, Cree Indian mode of, 323. 

 Tchendoma, the, visited bj' .Jelissei Busa, 195. 

 Tchuktchi, barren grounds in the land of the, 21, 

 22. 



, the land of the. 262. 



, pipes of, 264. 



, their short summer, 262. 



-, tiieir independence and commercial enterprise. 



263. 



- ladles, Matiuschkin's visit to some, 265. 



-, amnsfments of the people, 266. 



-, the wandering and sedentary, 267. 



-, their mode of life, 267. 



-, population of the land of the, 267, 



Tea-parties at Nishne-Kolymsk, 2:\S. 

 Temperature of Rensselaer bay in mid-winter, 19, 



20. 

 , cfTcct of the sea on, of the Arctic regions, 27. 



92. 



■ , pastor of. 104. 



, church of. 105. 



Thingvalla Lake, in Iceland, 92. 



Thiorsa river, in Iceland, 78. 



Thorlakson, Jon, the poet of Iceland, account of 



him and his works, 107. 

 Thorne, Robert, his suggestion for sailing across the 



North Pole, 342. 

 Thorwald the traveller, the first Christian Icelander, 



his career, 92, 93. 

 Tides, effect of the, in preventing the accumulation 



of Polar ice, 57. 

 Tinne Indians, defeated bj' the Crees, 319, 



, their retaliation, 320. 



, their wars with the Blackfeet, 320. 



, their wigwams, or tents, 324. 



, various tribes of the. and their range, 327. 



, their appearance, manners, and customs, 327- 



3-29. 



, improvements in their condition, 329, 330. 



, their wives and children, 330. 



, their crueltx' to the aged, 330. 



Tjnmen, the first settlement of Russians in Siberia. 



195. 



' • , Steller's grave at, 253. 



Tobacco, fondness of the Lapps for, 165, 167. 

 . eagerness of the wild tribes of the North for, 



264. 

 Tobolsk, battle of, 193. 195. 



j , foundation of the city of, 195. 



' , condition of the southern part, 207, 208. 



Tolstoi Ness, Castren's visit to, 177. 

 Tolstych, Adrian, his discoveries, 201. 

 Tnnisk, criminals of, 206. 207. 

 Tornea, reindeer gloves of, 37. 

 I Torsteinson Jon, the martyr of the \yestman Isl- 

 j ands, 118. 



Tookoolito, 442,466, 768, 769, 761. 

 Train-oil of Tromsii, 128. 

 Transbaikalia, Castren's visit to, 177. 

 Travelling in Iceland, 110. 111. 



Treeless zone of Europe, Asia, and America, 18-22. 

 Treurenl)erg ba}', deer of, 137. 

 Ti'olladyngja, eruptions of, since the colonization of 



Iceland, 95. 

 Tronso, cod-fisherv and cod-liver oil of, 128. 



, description of the town and island, 128. 



Tschirigow. his voyages, 201. 



'I'ucutiico (Cttnomys Ma/j/ellanicct), the, of Patagonia. 



419. 

 Tundri, or barren grounds of the Arctic regions, 18, 



19. 

 of the European Samoiedes, 171. 



I 



