252 



NATURAL HISTORY. 



the failure. Exactly why the ' Concords ' and ' Clintons ' are not seriously 

 damaged is difficult to say, but it is a fact that there is always a " certain 

 harmony between the indigenous fauna and flora of a country" ; and our 

 native vines are such as, from their inherent peculiarities, have best with- 

 stood the attacks of the insect. Again, with us, enemies of the Phylloxera 

 are numerous, while they are lacking in Europe. 



Another group of bugs are represented by a number of forms common 

 in our latitudes, and known under the vulgar name ' stink-bugs,' from the 



most disagreeable smell and taste which they 

 have, and which must be familiar to all from 

 their habit of wandering over field-fruits and 

 'k communicating to them some of their own dis- 

 agreeable odor. Many of them take the most 

 bizarre shapes, the thorax being frequently pro- 



Fig.236.- Stink-bug'^nc/, lum l onge( l j nto l lorns an( J sp i nes j ike the common 



form shown in our cut. In the tropics these 

 forms are even more strange, and some of these are shown near the top 

 of the plate facing page 250. 



Much larger than these are the cicadas, one of which is represented as 

 seen from beneath in Figure 215, while below in the plate just referred to 



is shown a large species from 

 the East Indies. The cicadas 

 are musically inclined, and the 

 shrill, deafening note of the 

 harvest-fly is one of the most 

 familiar notes of August. In 

 the heat of the day the cicada, 

 perched on the top of a high 

 tree, sings its song ; but his 

 musical apparatus is different 

 from that of the locust or katy- 

 did. In these forms the note is 

 caused by the rubbing of one 

 part against another, but in the 

 cicada it partakes more of the 



Fig ..237. -The seventeen-year locust (Cicada septimdecem) ; na +i 1TP of a trilP vniPP Tn thP 



above are shown at e the eggs, which are deposited in the naijl11 ^ UL <*> Hue \ Uice. ±11 Ilie 



holes (d) in a twig; a is a pupa; b, a pupa-case from which K aoo ^f +l-.~ „U nmon ovo 4-vxrr. 



the adult cicada (c) has escaped. Dase 0I tne abdomen are tWO 



large sacs, plaited and ribbed in 

 a complicated manner, and the air being strongly driven over these folds 

 produces the note. 



A first cousin to the harvest-fly is the celebrated seventeen-year locust, 



