704 NATURAL HISTORY. 



every way they seem to show that Mivart's famous dictum must be 

 reversed ; their mental powers differ from those of man hi degree, not in 

 kind. Man is not the only tool-using animal. Monkeys will use stones 

 for hammers, understand the principle of the lever, can put in and take 

 out screws, and do many things which we commonly think can be done 

 by man alone. The monkey who threw a rope's end to a fellow that had 

 fallen overboard acted from something else than mere instinct. 



The baboons have a tail short or of moderate length, and a head so 

 like that of a dog as to have given the genus the name Cynocephalus, 

 which means dog-headed. They are disagreeable creatures, going in large 

 troops, and making their homes in rocky fastnesses. They feed upon 

 fruits and insects, and are more terrestrial than many of their relatives. 

 Related to them are the drill and the mandrill, the latter without ex- 

 ception the ugliest of all apes, if not of all mammals. It is a familiar 

 form in every menagerie, and the brilliant colors of the patches of naked 

 skin on the sides of the nose and on the hindquarters, are sure to attract 

 attention. Many frecpiently think that this ornamentation is largely due 

 to the showman's brush: nothing of the sort; that brilliant red and that 

 livid blue are nature's painting ; those ridges upon the nose are but indices 

 of the ugly, snarling temper of the beast. And yet there is not a doubt 

 but that to mandrill eyes these phantasies of color, that swollen, furrowed 

 nose, and that stub of a tail are the most beautiful things in nature, and 

 that Mrs. Mandrill believes her huge lord to be as handsome as a picture. 



In the oriental regions the macaques take the place of the African 

 baboons ; the species are numerous, but none is more common than the 

 Javanese form, shown in our full-page plate. Some of the macaques are 

 held in high esteem by the East Indians, even though they are like the 

 rest, — arrant thieves and very destructive to the cultivated fields. They 

 live well in confinement; indeed, they are the most hardy of all the apes, 

 and hence they are frequently seen in our country in the peripatetic 

 animal shows, as well as in the collections in the zoological gardens. Dr. 

 Oswald has given a very pleasant account of one way in which these 

 animals are captured, which follows in a condensed form. 



When the British first effected a settlement at Singapore, the traffic in 

 monkeys soon became a regular branch of industry. The ubiquitous 

 Chinaman used to go on trapping expeditions to the hills at a time when 

 the macaques were rather hard up for provisions, and could be baited with 

 'fuddle-cakes'; i.e. rice-bread soaked in a mixture of sugar and rum. 

 The trapper used to hide behind a tree, and let the monkey assemblage 

 enjoy his bounty until their antics suggested that it was time for him to 

 rush in. Experience soon taught the little mountaineers to change their 



