MAMMALS. 713 



in the zoological gardens of New York and Philadelphia no animals excite 

 more interest than "Mr. Crowley" and his relatives in the City of 

 Brotherly Love. According to Mr. Brown, the superintendent of the gar- 

 den at Philadelphia, the specimens there show powers of reasoning — not 

 instinct — of no mean order. They soon seemed to understand the effects 

 of a mirror. They recognized the fact that a snake could not come 

 through the glass front of the cage. And when one of the two died, its 

 companion gave unmistakable signs of grief, nor was it deceived into 

 thinking its own reflection in a mirror was its departed playmate. The 

 chimpanzee recognizes its own superiority to other monkeys and its inferi- 

 ority to man. 



The chimpanzee ranges over central and western equatorial Africa. It 

 reaches a height of about five feet. Like the orang-utan it is an arboreal 

 animal and a fruit-eater. It does not make houses in the branches, but 

 curls itself up and spends the night wherever it may be. It is not very 

 afraid of man, and ravages the fields of the inhabitants, who for this rea- 

 son destroy it whenever seen, even organizing hunting-parties to rid the 

 neighborhood of the pests. 



The gorilla is more retiring in its character, making its home in the 

 densest forests of the western coast of ecpuatorial Africa, its range being 

 partially overlapped by that of the chimpanzee. Indeed, these two forms 

 are said frecuiently to interbreed, and doubtless some, at least, of the many 

 varieties of the man-like apes of Africa are due to such mixture of blood. 

 The gorilla is the larger of the two, reaching a height of five feet seven 

 or eight inches, while the arms are proportionately but little longer than 

 the same members in man. The young gorilla, except for the hair and 

 feet, has a very human aspect ; but this decreases with growth, and this 

 divergence is especially noticeable in the face on account of the retreating 

 forehead and the development of strong, bony crests above the eyes. 



To an American missionary, Dr. Savage, is due the first reliable account 

 of these animals, but since his day many travelers have visited its haunts 

 and given us accounts of its habits in its native wilds so far as it was possi- 

 ble to observe them ; not a very easy task in the case of such a strong and 

 ferocious beast. With all the accounts there is a considerable agreement, 

 with one exception ; Du Chaillu conflicts in many points with the rest, but 

 which is correct on all points we must leave others to decide. It is, how- 

 ever, certain that all the statements contained in the pages of the author 

 mentioned are not to be relied upon, no matter how interesting they may 

 be. Gorillas try to escape from man ; but when brought to bay, they will- 

 fight savagely, their strong arms and their savage jaws being the chief 

 offensive and defensive organs. Gorillas are rather solitary in their habits ; 



