112 



HUMAN HISTOEY 



Europe. The names of the cultural periods, it may be remarked, 

 are taken from the places where either specimens of the culture 

 were first found, or where they are seen at their best. Thus 

 Chellean is derived from Chelles— a palaeolithic station close to 

 Paris— Acheulean from St. Acheul in the valley of the Somme, 

 Mousterian from Le Moustier on the right bank of the Vezere, 

 and so on. 



Period. 



Post-Glacial 



Fourth Glacial 

 Third Genial 



Date. 

 1,000 B.C. 



1,800 „ 



2,000 „ 



4,000 „ 



5,000 „ 



7,000 „ 



10,000 „ 



12,000 „ 



16,000 „ 



20,000 „ 



25,000 „ 



50,000 „ 



150,000 „ 



Cidfure. 



Racial Type. 



Third Glacial 

 Second Genial 

 Second Glacial 400,000 

 First Genial 475,000 

 First Glacial 

 Beginning of 

 Pleistocene 



175,000 

 375,000 



500,000 



Iron 



Bronze 



Neolithic 



Upper 

 Palaeolithic 



Middle 

 Palaeolithic 



Lower 

 Palaeolithic 



(Europe 

 Orient 

 /Europe 



( Orient 

 I Copper 

 J Swiss Lake 

 ( Early 



Azilian 



Magdalenian 



Solutrian 



Aurignacian 



Mousterian 



I Acheulean 

 Chellean 

 Pre-Chellean 



Modem racial types. 



Briinn and other races. 



Cro-Magnon and 

 Grimaldi. 



H. neanderthalensis. 



Eoanthropus. 



H. heidelbergensis. 



525,000 



Pithecanthropus. 



5. Turning to the fossil remains of man we have first to deal 

 with Pithecanthropus. In September 1891 Dr. Eugene Dubois 

 of Amsterdam discovered at Trinil in Java certain fossil remains ; 

 he continued to excavate for some two years, and succeeded in 

 finding other remains, all of which he attributed to the same 

 individual. To this'^individual he gave the name of Pithecan- 

 thropus erectus.i Dubois considered that the strata in which 



* Dxibois, Pithecanthropus ercctus 1 eine menschendhnliche IJberganqsformatisJava. 

 Dubois has published several other papers and the literature is very large. The 

 earlier literature has been summarized bv EJaatsch (Zoologisches Centralblatt, 

 vol. vi, 1899, p. 217), and by Schwalbe (Zeit. fur Morph. und Anth., Bd. 1, 1899, 

 p. 16). For a concise account see Duckworth, Morphology and Anthropology, 

 pp. 510 ff. The remains consist of the upper portion of a skull, a left femur, 

 a second left upper molar, a third right upper molar and a second left lower 

 pre-molar. The last tooth was not found by Dubois but by subsequent excavators. 



