260 A TEXT-BOOK OF GRASSES 



species was designated, the type is the first binomial species in 

 order eUgible under the following provisions: [then follow the pro- 

 visions]. (Canon 15.) 



A name is rejected when preoccupied (homonym). (Canon 16.) 

 A name is rejected when there is an older valid name based on 

 another member of the same group (metonym). (Canon 17.) 



285. Comparison of the two recent codes. — The two 



codes agree in taking 1753 as the starting point for priority 

 and in using the earliest specific name. They disagree 

 chiefly in the following: 



The Vienna Code provides a Kst of nomina conservanda to 

 which the law of priority shall not apply. The American Code 

 does not restrict the law of priority, except as indicated in 

 principle 2. 



The Vienna Code allows the use of generic and specific names 

 although there may be earher but non-vahd homonyms. The Amer- 

 ican Code rejects homonyms. (Digitaria and Setaria are accepted 

 under the Vienna Code and rejected under the American Code; 

 Bromus altissimus Pursh, 1814, not Bromus altissimus GiUb., 

 1792, is accepted, under the Vienna Code, because the homonym is 

 itself a synonym of another species and is not valid. Pursh's name 

 is rejected under the American Code.) 



The American Code fixes the application of names by reference 

 to nomenclatorial types. The Vienna Code does not mention types. 

 This, in practice, is a very important difference. Under the Amer- 

 ican Code a specific name stands or falls according to the disposition 

 of the type specimen, and a genus must always include the type 

 species. 



In the present work the nomenclature, with a few 

 minor exceptions, follows the American Code. 



COMMON NAMES 



286. The common name is the name by which a plant 

 is commonly known in the language of the country. Few 

 plants, and these widely and commonly cultivated spe- 



