ORCHARDS. 147 



exposed to the action of high winds. These re- 

 marks will sufficiently indicate why eastern and 

 southern expositions are favourable, and ought to 

 be preferred. But the rule these facts suggest can- 

 not be made absolute, since many persons occupy 

 only the northern and western sides of hills. In 

 these situations, therefore, the course most appro- 

 ved by theory and experience is, to plant only trees 

 which are late in forming or maturing their fruit. 



3d. The preparation of the soil is not to be neg- 

 lected, and any summer crop in rows and well cul- 

 tivated forms a good one. With these remarks we 

 return to our general head of planting. 



The form in which your trees stand is not matter 

 of indifference. The quincunx is recommended as 

 giving to them that position which is relatively best ; 

 but the caize (straight lines intersecting each other), 

 better admitting the movements of the plough, is gen- 

 erally preferred. Whichever of the two be adopted, 

 the holes indicated in a former part of this section 

 must be made accordingly, and ought to be six feet 

 wide and as many long, and two feet deep. The 

 advantages of these will abundantly repay the extra 

 labour they require, as we find by M. Chalumeau's 

 experiments on peach-trees, from which we make 

 the following extract : " Four peach-trees, resem- 

 bling each other, as to size and vigour of growth, as 

 much as possible, were planted : No. 1 in a hole 

 three feet square ; No. 2 in a hole two feet square ; 

 and Nos. 3 and 4 in holes eighteen inches square. 

 The soil and exposition similar. No. 1 has every 

 year given the most abundant crops, and the rela- 

 tive sizes of the trees now are as follows : the stem 

 of No. 1, 18 feet high and eight inches in circum- 

 ference ; that of No. 2, nine feet high and five and a 

 half inches in circumference ; No. 3, six feet high, 

 and three inches eight lines in circumference ; and 

 No. 4, five and a half feet high, and three inches in 

 circumference." Here is a difference between the 



