FRUIT GARDEN. 229 



point of size), the new variety produced is not valu- 

 able.* We subjoin to these remarks, and in illus- 

 tration of them, an experiment of this mode, made 

 by a distinguished Scotch agriculturist (M'Donald), 

 as given in the Encyclopaedia of Gardening, page 

 783. " In 1808 he selected some blossoms of the 

 Nonpareil, which he impregnated with the pollen 

 of the golden and Newton pippins. When the ap- 

 ples were ripe, he selected some of the best, from 

 which he took the seeds, and sowed them in pots, 

 which he placed under a frame. He had eight or 

 nine seedlings, which he transplanted into the open 

 ground in the spring of 1809. In 1811 he picked 

 out a few of the strongest plants, and put them, 

 singly into pots. In the spring of 1812 he observ- 

 ed some of the plants showing fruit-buds. He took 

 a few of the twigs and grafted them on a healthy 

 stock on a wall, and in 1813 he had a few apples. 

 This year his seedlings yielded several dozens, and 

 also his grafts ; and he mentions that the apples on 

 the grafts were the largest." 



Having indicated the varieties of the apple-tree, 

 and the means of continuing these and of produ- 

 cing new ones ; the selection to be made among 

 them, and the points in which their management 

 may differ, we proceed to what, in this respect, is 

 common to them all, viz., transplanting, pruning, 

 training, thinning, and, lastly, manuring, or other- 

 wise altering the condition of the soil.f 



Of Transplanting. This process is sometimes 

 repeated twice or thrice before the tree is perma- 

 nently placed, and, in the opinion of Knight, never 



* Mr. Kline, the anatomist, &c., holds the same doctrine in 

 relation to animals. 



t The French make a distinction, and justly, between V amende- 

 ment and Vengrais, for which we have no corresponding terms 

 which sufficiently illustrate the distinction. Ploughing, harrow- 

 ing, irrigating, and leaving in fallow, are among the amendemens 

 (improvements) : animal and vegetable matter, under some of 

 their many modifications, constitute Vengrais (manures). 



