The Junipers 



Strikingly artificial. The tree is called "alligator juniper" in Ari- 

 zona. The thickness of the bark is exceptional among junipers. 



The Indians gather the fruits, which are large and copiously 

 borne by mature trees, and put them away for winter. Though 

 resinous in taste, the cake made out of these berries ground into 

 meal" is by no means unpalatable to white folks. Baked in the 

 sun, it is light, sweet and easily digested. The large and plentiful 

 berries of the other mountain junipers are used in the same way. 



The One-seeded Juniper {Juniperus monosperma, Sarg.) is 

 easily distinguished by its ashy grey bark in seasons where the 

 berry is not there to tell the ta^e. This thin bark is stripped into 

 its fibres and woven into cloth and mats by Indians. Girths of 

 their saddles are woven of it. The berries also furnish food. 



The tree grows to 50 feet high, with a strongly buttressed 

 trunk 8 or 10 feet in girth. The limbs are short, with clustering 

 grey-green foliage of the minute, scale-like sort. This is a tree of 

 the mountain slope or the high plateau, ranging from Colorado 

 to Texas, and west to Arizona, forming forests in southern Colorado 

 and Utah. Fencing and fuel consume some wood each year. 



The Rock Cedar {Juniperus sahinoides, Nees.) is a consider- 

 able tree in the lowlands of the central counties of Texas, but 

 dwindles in size as it ascends the mountains and arid regions to 

 the west and south. This tree has distinctly quadrangular twigs 

 by the paired, opposite arrangement of its strongly keeled leaves. 

 The foliage mass is loose and irregular, with a dark blue-green cast. 

 Young shoots bear linear, free, spiny leaves ^ inch long. The 

 bark is reticulated by an intricate network of furrows leaving flat 

 plates between. This juniper furnishes much fuel as well as a 

 considerable supply of fence posts, railroad ties and telegraph poles 

 in a region where wood is not plenty. 



Red Juniper, Red Cedar {juniperus Virginiana, Linn.) 

 Conical tree, compact when young, becoming loose and cylindrical 

 or irregular when old; from a shrub to a tree 100 feet high and 5 

 feet trunk diameter; branches short, slender, ascending, becoming 

 horizontal. Bark red, stringy, persistent; branches smooth. 

 Wood soft, weak, close grained, red, fragrant. Buds minute, 

 green. Leaves opposite, on old stems, 4-ranked; scale-like, blue- 

 green, closely appressed to twigs, which seem 4-angled; on new 

 shoots, scattered, spiny, loose, awl shaped, + to f inch long, pale 

 yellow-green. Flowers in April, May; terminal on side twigs, 



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