The Junipers 



they command the highest prices, for the wood is one of the most 

 durable. The Fabers have for generations maintained their own 

 forests of this species in Germany to supply their pencil factories. 



An interesting "fruit" of the red juniper, much larger and 

 more luscious looking than the diminutive berries, is familiar to 

 boys and girls under the name "cedar apple." A remarkable 

 thing about these pulpy, jelly-like masses, with their yellow spurs, 

 is that they come out on the twigs as suddenly as mushrooms. 

 Still more astonishing is the fact that this parasitic fungus that 

 makes itself at home on the red cedar utterly ignores all red cedars 

 when its spores are germinating to produce the next generation. 

 Only those that fall on apple trees live. They do not produce 

 "apples" of any sort, but patches of yellow "apple rust" on leaves 

 and fruit. Spores wafted away from these blotches germinate 

 only when they fall on twigs of red cedar. They grow inside, and 

 at fruiting time throw out the gelatinous cedar-apple mass whose 

 spurs contain the spores. 



This capricious "alternation of generations" is interestingly 

 seen in wheat rust, whose alternate host is the common barberry. 

 A third rust goes from birches to poplars and back again to birches 

 each alternate year. 



The Red Juniper of the South (Juniperus Barbadensis, 

 Linn.) has long been considered by good authorities a variety of the 

 preceding species. It furnishes the highest grade of "red cedar" 

 for pencils. Western Florida has many swampy forests of these 

 trees. The Fabers, of pencil fame, own vast tracts here. The 

 West Indies and the Gulf States all contribute a considerable 

 quantity to commerce each year. Growing naturally in swamps 

 like the bald cypress, yet it thrives when planted in parks and 

 cemeteries. It is the most beautiful of the junipers in cultivation. 

 Its slender, spreading branches clothed with pendulous twigs, 

 give unusual grace to the tree habit. The berries are silvery white 

 and abundant. Its susceptibility to frost confines this tree's range 

 to the Southern States. 



The Rocky Mountain Juniper {Juniperus scopulorum, Sarg.) 

 has stout twigs and limbs, usually a short trunk with several 

 main limbs carrying the top. Its foliage is often pale grey-green 

 a fashionable colour on the Western plains and foothills. It 

 climbs to elevations of over 5,000 feet, and few soils are too poor 

 and too arid to support it. It follows the Rocky Mountains from 



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