D. Details of fruit ami fruit scales 



I'lSLill.ili: ll.twcrb 



THE CANOE BIRCH {Hriul,i papyrijera) 



The bar'< of this tree is a dull, chalkv white, and curls away from its few furrows in horizontal plates. On old trees the 

 ises of the trunks are dark-coloured. The winter twigs often end in three stiff catkins, the staminate flowers sealed tight to pass 

 winter. In April the ovate leaves come out with the flowers, the green pistillate catkii.s^rect to catch pollen. Ir autumn the 

 eds fall away from the 3-lohed scales in the pencil-like cones. Each seed has a pair of hroad wings 



