xii TREE PRUNING. 



CHAPTER IV. 



PAGE 



METHOD OF PRUNING RESERVE TREES OF DIFFERENT AGES . 38 



Young Trees 38 



Middle-aged Trees 43 



Old Trees 44 



Veterans 46 



CHAPTER V. 



THE TREATMENT OF OLD WOUNDS. CAVITIES IN THE TRUNK. 



THE REMOVAL OF SHOOTS 51 



Loosened Bark 52 



Cavities in the Trunk 52 



Removal of Shoots 54 



CHAPTER VI. 



SEASON FOR PRUNING. THE USE OF COAL-TAR 57 



Season for Pruning 57 



The Use of Coal-tar 58 



Objections to other Preparations 58 



Effects of Coal-tar on the Elm 69 



Employment of Coal-tar in Protecting Young Plantations 



against Animals 60 



Employment of Coal-tar on Fruit Trees 60 



CHAPTER VII. 



SOFT WOODS. POPLARS. CONIFERS 62 



Soft Woods - 62 



Poplars 62 



Conifers . . 63 



